Editing Drug interaction (section)

==== Examples of metabolism-based interactions ====
An example of this is shown in the following table for the [[CYP1A2]] enzyme, showing the substrates (drugs metabolized by this enzyme) and some inductors and inhibitors of its activity:<ref name="Nelson" />

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto;" width="100%"
|-
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | '''Drugs related to CYP1A2'''
|-
! Substrates !! Inhibitors !! Inductors
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|
* [[Caffeine]]
* [[Theophylline]]
* [[Phenacetin]]
* [[Clomipramine]]
* [[Clozapine]]
* [[Thioridazine]]
||
* [[Omeprazole]]
* [[Nicotine]]
* [[Cimetidine]]
* [[Ciprofloxacin]]
||
* [[Phenobarbital]]
* [[Fluvoxamine]]
* [[Venlafaxine]]
* [[Ticlopidine]]
|}

Some foods also act as inductors or inhibitors of enzymatic activity. The following table shows the most common:
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto;" width=100%
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"| Foods and their influence on drug metabolism<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bailey DG, Malcolm J, Arnold O, Spence JD | title = Grapefruit juice-drug interactions | journal = British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology | volume = 46 | issue = 2 | pages = 101–10 | date = August 1998 | pmid = 9723817 | pmc = 1873672 | doi = 10.1046/j.1365-2125.1998.00764.x }}<br/>Comment in: {{cite journal | vauthors = Mouly S, Paine MF | title = Effect of grapefruit juice on the disposition of omeprazole | journal = British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology | volume = 52 | issue = 2 | pages = 216–7 | date = August 2001 | pmid = 11488783 | pmc = 2014525 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1978.00999.pp.x }}{{Dead link|date=January 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="Marduga" /><ref>{{cite journal |author=Covarrubias-Gómez, A. |title=¿Qué se auto-administra su paciente?: Interacciones farmacológicas de la medicina herbal |journal=Revista Mexicana de Anestesiología |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=32–42 |date=January–March 2005 |url=http://www.medigraphic.com/espanol/e-htms/e-rma/e-cma2005/e-cma05-1/em-cma051f.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120629232743/http://www.medigraphic.com/espanol/e-htms/e-rma/e-cma2005/e-cma05-1/em-cma051f.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-06-29 |display-authors=etal }}</ref>
|-
! Food !! Mechanism !! Drugs affected
|-
|
* [[Avocado]]
* [[Brassicaceae|Brassica]]s (Brussels sprouts, broccoli, cabbage)
|Enzymatic inductor
|[[Acenocoumarol]], [[warfarin]]
|-
|[[Grapefruit]] juice
|Enzymatic inhibition
|
* [[Calcium channel blocker]]s: [[nifedipine]], [[felodipine]], [[nimodipine]], [[amlodipine]]
* [[Cyclosporine]], [[tacrolimus]]
* [[Terfenadine]], [[astemizole]]
* [[Cisapride]], [[pimozide]]
* [[Carbamazepine]], [[saquinavir]], [[midazolam]], [[alprazolam]], [[triazolam]]
{{main|Grapefruit drug interactions}}
|-
|[[Soybean|Soya]]
|Enzymatic inhibition
|[[Clozapine]], [[haloperidol]], [[olanzapine]], [[caffeine]], [[Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug|NSAIDs]], [[phenytoin]], [[zafirlukast]], [[warfarin]]
|-
|[[Garlic]]
|Increases antiplatelet activity
|
* [[Anticoagulant]]s
* [[Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug|NSAIDs]], [[acetylsalicylic acid]]
|-
|[[Ginseng]]
|To be determined
|[[Warfarin]], [[heparin]], [[aspirin]] and [[Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug|NSAIDs]]
|-
|''[[Ginkgo biloba]]''
|Strong inhibitor of platelet aggregation factor
|[[Warfarin]], [[aspirin]] and [[Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug|NSAIDs]]
|-
|''[[Hypericum perforatum]]'' (St John's wort)
|Enzymatic inductor (CYP450)
|Warfarin, [[digoxin]], [[theophylline]], cyclosporine, [[phenytoin]] and antiretrovirals
|-
|[[Ephedra (medicine)|Ephedra]]
|Receptor level agonist
|[[MAOI]], central nervous system stimulants, alkaloids [[ergotamine]]s and [[xanthine]]s
|-
|Kava (''Piper methysticum'')
|Unknown
|[[Levodopa]]
|-
|[[Ginger]]
|Inhibits thromboxane synthetase (''in vitro'')
|Anticoagulants
|-
|Chamomile
|Unknown
|[[Benzodiazepine]]s, [[barbiturate]]s and [[opioid]]s
|-
|[[Crataegus|Hawthorn]]
|Unknown
|Beta-adrenergic antagonists, [[cisapride]], digoxin, [[quinidine]]
|}