Editing Dual gauge (section)

==Dual-gauge railways by nation==
{{More citations needed section|date=November 2022}}
;Australia{{anchor|Australia}}
In [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]], there are sections of {{Track gauge|1600mm|lk=on|comma=off}} and {{Track gauge|1435mm|lk=on|comma=off}} dual-gauge track between [[Southern Cross railway station|Southern Cross station]] and [[West Footscray railway station|West Footscray]], [[Sunshine railway station, Melbourne|Sunshine]] and [[Newport railway station, Melbourne|Newport]], [[Albion railway station, Melbourne|Albion]] and [[Jacana railway station|Jacana]], [[North Geelong railway station|North Geelong]] and [[Gheringhap, Victoria|Gheringhap]], [[Maryborough railway station, Victoria|Maryborough]] and [[Dunolly railway station|Dunolly]], and in various goods yards and industrial sidings. Until 2008, there was a dual-gauge line between [[Wodonga railway station|Wodonga]] and [[Bandiana railway station|Bandiana]].

At [[Albury railway station]], [[New South Wales]], a {{Track gauge|1600mm |comma=off}} and {{Track gauge|1435mm |comma=off}} dual-gauge line was in place until 2011. A dual-gauge line was within [[Tocumwal railway station]] until 1988, when the standard gauge component was put out of use.

In 1900, in [[South Australia]], a three-rail dual-gauge system was proposed in order to avoid a break of gauge. However, designing turnouts was considered to be difficult due to the difference of only {{convert|165|mm|in|abbr=off}} between the {{Track gauge|1435mm |comma=off}} and the {{Track gauge|1600mm |comma=off}}  broad gauge. After twenty years, the proposal was abandoned.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article45890361 |title=Personal. |newspaper=[[The Barrier Miner]] |location=Broken Hill, NSW |date=3 July 1924 |access-date=1 September 2012 |page=2 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3739201 |title=Great Western Railway. |newspaper=[[The Argus (Melbourne)|The Argus]] |location=Melbourne |date=11 March 1926 |access-date=27 August 2011 |page=7 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article14617972 |title=Unification of gauges. |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=6 May 1904 |access-date=10 March 2014 |page=5 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> Much later, the [[South Australian Railways]] successfully adopted [[Railroad switch#Dual gauge switches|dual-gauge turnouts]].<ref>[http://extranet.artc.com.au/docs/eng/track-civil/workinstruct/pc/ETN-03-01.pdf Civil track engineering] ARTC pdf.</ref>

In [[Western Australia]], {{Track gauge|1067mm|lk=on|comma=off}} and {{Track gauge|1435mm |comma=off}} of double-track dual-gauge extends for {{Convert|120|km|mi|abbr=on}} of the [[Eastern Railway (Western Australia)#Third Route|main line]] from [[East Perth railway station|East Perth]] to [[Northam railway station, Western Australia|Northam]]. Dual-gauge track is also used from the triangle at [[Woodbridge, Western Australia|Woodbridge]] to [[Cockburn, Western Australia|Cockburn Junction]], then to [[Kwinana Beach|Kwinana]] on one branch and [[North Fremantle]] on the other. The signalling system detects the gauge of the approaching train and puts the signals to stop if the route is set for the wrong gauge.

In [[Queensland]], there is a section of {{Track gauge|1067mm |comma=off}} and {{Track gauge|1435mm |comma=off}} dual-gauge track between the rail freight [[Classification yard|yards]] at [[Acacia Ridge]] and [[Park Road railway station|Park Road station]], which is utilised by both passenger and freight trains. Freight trains to the Port of Brisbane utilise the dual gauge [[Fisherman Islands railway line|Fisherman Islands line]] that runs parallel to the [[Cleveland railway line]] from Park Road to [[Lindum railway station|Lindum]]. Passenger trains use the dual-gauge section of the [[Beenleigh railway line]] running parallel to the electric suburban narrow gauge of the Queensland Rail city network over the [[Merivale Bridge]] into platforms 2 and 3 at [[Roma Street railway station|Roma Street Station]]. This is used by standard gauge interstate [[NSW TrainLink|New South Wales TrainLink]] [[New South Wales XPT|XPT]] services to [[Central railway station, Sydney|Sydney]]. In 2012, a dual-gauge line was installed between Acacia Ridge and [[Bromelton, Queensland|Bromelton]] to serve a new freight hub at Bromelton.

The {{convert|1700|km|mi|abbr=off|comma=off}} long [[Inland Railway]], under construction in 2022, will have about {{convert|300|km|mi|abbr=off|comma=off}} of dual gauge.

;Bangladesh
The [[Bangladesh Railway]] uses three rails to avoid breaks of gauge between its broad-gauge and metre-gauge lines. The [[Jamuna Bridge]] and [[Padma Bridge]], which link the east–west and north–south rail systems respectively, have [[#Dual gauge (four rails)|four-rail]] dual-gauge tracks. Of the {{convert|2875|km|mi}} Bangladesh Railway system, about {{convert|1600|km|mi}} has [[#Dual gauge (four rails)|four-rail]] dual-gauge.{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}}{{Dubious|date=March 2023}}

;Belgium
[[Trams in Brussels|Tram tracks in Brussels]] once combined {{Track gauge|1000mm|allk=on|comma=off}} lines for [[Vicinal tramway|inter-urban trams]] and {{Track gauge|1435mm |comma=off}} lines for urban trams in a three-rail layout. In 1991, the interurban trams went out of service and then the network used only standard-gauge track.

;Bulgaria
The [[Trams in Sofia|Sofia tramway]] uses a mixture of narrow and standard gauge. A {{cvt|2.6|km|mi}} section of track between Krasna polyana depot and Pirotska street is dual-gauge shared by {{Track gauge|1435mm |comma=off}} route 22 and {{Track gauge|1009mm|lk=on|comma=off }} route 11.

;Cameroon
The new port of [[Kribi]] may serve 1000mm gauge bauxite traffic as well as 1435mm gauge iron ore traffic.

;Czech Republic
In the [[Czech Republic]], there is 2&nbsp;km of dual gauge {{Track gauge|1435mm |comma=off}} and {{Track gauge|760mm }} track near [[Jindřichův Hradec]]. In 1985, its original four rails were converted to three rails. In 2004, in Jindřichův Hradec at a switch where a dual gauge railway bifurcates, a Junák express from [[Plzeň]] to [[Brno]] derailed due to a signalling error. The standard gauge train had been switched on to the narrow gauge track.

;France
The [[Chemin de Fer de la Baie de Somme]] in France is dual gauge between [[Noyelles-sur-Mer]] and [[Saint-Valery-sur-Somme]]. The line has four rails with metre gauge laid within standard gauge. There are some dual-gauge (standard and Iberian) sidings at Cerbère on the Spanish border.

;Germany
In the 1970s, the [[Stuttgarter Straßenbahnen]] tram lines underwent a gauge conversion from {{Track gauge|1000mm |comma=off}} gauge to standard gauge. This was part of an upgrade to the [[Stuttgart Stadtbahn]]. In 1981, {{Track gauge|1435mm |comma=off}} and {{Track gauge|1000mm |comma=off}} dual-gauge track was constructed so that new DT-8 Stadtbahn cars and old trams could share the network. In 2008, a further gauge conversion was completed. The Stuttgart Straßenbahn Museum operates {{Track gauge|1000mm |comma=off}} gauge trams on weekends and special occasions.

In [[Krefeld]] on Ostwall, tram lines are dual gauge so that standard {{Track gauge|1435mm |comma=off}} [[Rheinbahn]] U76 [[Stadtbahn]] cars and {{Track gauge|1000mm |comma=off}} gauge trams may share the lines. At the north end of the route, at the junction with Rheinstraße, the trams reverse. There, the standard gauge line ends, while the metre gauge lines continue. At the Hauptbahnhof, on Oppumer Straße, dual gauge track continues. At the ends of Oppumer Straße, the two tracks diverge.

In [[Mülheim]] there is a similar situation. The [[Trams in Duisburg|Duisburg tram line 901]] meets the [[Trams in Mülheim/Oberhausen|local line 102]]. The tram system in Duisburg uses {{Track gauge|1435mm |comma=off}} gauge track while the tram route from [[Witten]] to Mülheim uses {{Track gauge|1000mm |comma=off}} gauge tracks. Two lines share a tunnel section between the [[Mülheim (Ruhr) Hauptbahnhof]] and Schloss Broich then diverge at street level.

The tram network between [[Werne]] to [[Bad Honnef]] is large with various operators and gauges. The trams in [[Wuppertal]] used {{Track gauge|1435mm |comma=off}} gauge track on east{{ndash}}west lines and {{Track gauge|1000mm |comma=off}} gauge track on north{{ndash}}south lines. [[Trams in Duisburg]] used {{Track gauge|1435mm |comma=off}} gauge track on lines south of the [[Ruhr]] and {{Track gauge|1000mm |comma=off}} gauge tracks on lines north of the Ruhr. The north lines closed in the 1960s and 1970s. Duisburg's three routes were converted to {{Track gauge|1435mm |comma=off}} gauge track.

;Ghana
Ghana is converting its narrow gauge to standard gauge, and is installing dual-gauge sleepers as an intermediate stage.

;Greece
In Greece, the line between [[Athens]] and [[Elefsis]] (now closed) was dual gauge in order to allow the {{Track gauge|1000mm |comma=off}} gauge trains of the [[Peloponnese]] rail network to pass. It also allowed standard gauge trains to reach the Elefsis shipyards. In [[Volos]], a short section of track between the main station and the harbour used an unusual triple gauge, to accommodate standard gauge trains from [[Larissa]], metre gauge trains from [[Kalabaka|Kalambaka]], and the {{Track gauge|600mm |comma=off}} gauge trains of the [[Pelion railway]].

;Indonesia
In 1899, in the [[Dutch East Indies]], dual gauge track was installed between [[Yogyakarta (city)|Yogyakarta]] and [[Surakarta|Solo]]. The track was owned by the [[Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij]], a private company, which in 1867 had built the {{Track gauge|1435mm |comma=off}} gauge line. The third rail was installed to allow passengers and goods travelling over the {{Track gauge|1067mm|comma=off}}   gauge ''Staatsspoorweg'' (state railway) a direct connection. At a later date, the government constructed new tracks to allow greater capacity and higher speeds. In 1940, a third rail was installed between Solo and Gundih on the line to [[Semarang]], allowing {{Track gauge|1067mm|comma=off}} gauge trains to travel between Semarang, Solo and Yogyakarta via Gambringan, on the line to [[Surabaya]] instead of on the original line via Kedungjati.

In 1942 and 1943 in [[Java]], under [[Japan|Japanese military occupation]], conversion took place from {{Track gauge|ussg}} to {{Track gauge|1067mm |comma=off}} on the [[Rail transport in Indonesia|Brumbung]]{{ndash}}Kedungjati{{ndash}}Gundih main line and the Kedungjati{{ndash}}[[Ambarawa]] branch line.

Until the 1970s, a short section of dual gauge {{Track gauge|1067mm| comma=off}} and {{Track gauge|750mm}} line existed in [[North Sumatra]] on a joint line of the [[Deli Railway]] and the [[Atjeh Tram]].

Some sugar mill railways in [[Java (island)|Java]] have dual-gauge sections.

;Ireland
Ireland's [[Ulster Railway]] underwent a gauge conversion from 1880mm to the new Irish standard of {{Track gauge|1600mm|comma=off}}. The [[Dublin & Drogheda Railway]] underwent a gauge conversion because the gauges were too close to allow a dual-gauge line.

;Italy
The Potenza {{ndash}} Avigliano Lucania line in Italy is a dual gauge rail with {{Track gauge|1435mm |comma=off}} and {{Track gauge|950mm }} tracks.

;Japan
In Japan, the national standard is {{Track gauge|1067mm |comma=off}} narrow gauge. Dual gauge is used where the {{Track gauge|1435mm |comma=off}} [[Shinkansen]] (bullet train) lines join the main network. For example, part of the [[Ōu Main Line]] became part of the [[Akita Shinkansen]] and was converted to dual gauge in a limited section. The longest ({{convert|82.1|km|mi|abbr=on}}) dual gauge section in Japan is near, and in, the [[Seikan Tunnel]]. Sections of the [[Hakone Tozan Line]] are among a number of other dual-gauge lines.

;Mexico
[[Rail transport in Mexico|Mexico]] previously had {{Track gauge|1435mm|comma=off}} and {{Track gauge|914mm}} dual gauge track.

;Netherlands
The first railway lines in the [[Netherlands]] were constructed with a track gauge of {{Track gauge|1945mm|lk=on|comma=off}}. For the 1939 centennial celebration, an exact replica of the country's first locomotive [[De Arend (locomotive)|"De Arend"]] was built using the original blueprints. Since 1953, the locomotive is housed at the Dutch [[Railway Museum (Netherlands)|National Railway Museum]], where in recent years, a dual-gauge track has been constructed in the rail yard, allowing for the locomotive to drive back and forth on special occasions.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.spoorwegmuseum.nl/ontdek/nu-in-het-museum/arend-onder-stoom/ |title=Arend onder Stoom – Het Spoorwegmuseum |website=www.spoorwegmuseum.nl |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926190317/https://www.spoorwegmuseum.nl/ontdek/nu-in-het-museum/arend-onder-stoom/ |archive-date=2020-09-26}}</ref>

;Poland
In Poland, there is {{convert|3|km|mi|abbr=off|1}} of {{Track gauge|1435mm |comma=off}} and {{Track gauge|750mm}} dual-gauge track in the [[Greater Poland Voivodeship]], linking [[Pleszew]] with a nearby mainline station. It is served by narrow-gauge passenger trains and standard-gauge freight trains.

;Portugal
In Portugal there were sections of dual gauge railways <ref>{{cite thesis |last= Nunes Costa |first= Pedro |date= 2016|title= Via algaliada versus mudança de bitola dos eixos do material circulante |url= https://repositorio.ipl.pt/entities/publication/b2d7af6f-78cc-48bc-923f-5d855e17f438|trans-title= |work= |degree= Master|language= pt|location= Lisbon|publisher= Polytechnical University of Lisbon|access-date=}}</ref>

In [[Linha do Douro|Douro Line]] with [[Corgo Line]], between [[Régua railway station]] and Corgo bifurcation, over a length of 1,100 m. The Corgo Line is currently closed for operation. 

In [[Linha do Minho|Minho Line]] between  [[Trofa]] and [[Vila Nova de Famalicão Municipality|Famalicão]] the [[meter gauge]] [[Guimarães line]]  run inside the 1,668 m [[iberian gauge]] in an extension of 10 km. This section has been dismantled in 2004 with the regauging of Guimarães Line and duplication and electrification of the Minho line between [[Ermesinde]] and [[Braga]]. 

;Russia
Between 2008 and 2012, a {{convert|2|km|mi|abbr=on}} dual-gauge cross-border track was rebuilt between [[Khasan (urban-type settlement)|Khasan]], Russia, and [[Rajin-guyok|Rajin]], North Korea; its gauges were the Russian {{Track gauge|1520mm|lk=on|comma=off}} and Korean {{Track gauge|1435mm|comma=off}}.<ref>[http://eng.rzd.ru/newse/public/rzdeng?STRUCTURE_ID=15&layer_id=4839&id=105789 Russian Railways : Demonstration train makes run between Rajin and Khasan] RZD news</ref>
Similar arrangements exist on the approach to [[Kaliningrad]], where {{Track gauge|1435mm |comma=off}} track extends from the Polish border with some sections of dual gauge.

;Spain
In Spain, there is {{Convert|21.7|km|abbr=on}} of dual gauge in the [[AVE]] line from [[Zaragoza]] to [[Huesca]], usable for both {{Track gauge|1435mm |comma=off}} standard-gauge high-speed trains and {{Track gauge|1668mm|lk=on|comma=off}} Spanish network trains. Some dual-gauge  sidings are at Port Bou on the French border. In 2009, [[Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias|Adif]] called for tenders for the installation of a third rail for standard-gauge trains on the {{convert|22|km|abbr=on}} between [[Castellbisbal]] and the Can Tunis freight terminal in [[Barcelona]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/world-infrastructure-market-march-2009.html | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130131232359/http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/world-infrastructure-market-march-2009.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=31 January 2013 | title=World infrastructure market March 2009 | date=14 March 2009 | work=[[Railway Gazette International]] }}</ref>

;Sweden
The bridges at the borders of [[Rail transport in Sweden|Sweden]] and [[Rail transport in Finland|Finland]], between [[Haparanda]] and [[Tornio]] have {{convert|2|km|mi|abbr=on}} of dual gauge, {{Track gauge|1435mm |comma=off}} and {{Track gauge|1524mm |comma=off}} track. At each end of the dual-gauge section are yards with standard and Finnish gauge areas to allow for [[transshipment|trans-shipment]]. [[#Dual gauge (four rails)|Four rails]] are used because the gauges are close and the [[Structure gauge|bridge structure]] is wider than normal to allow for the offset from the centreline of each gauge. A Rafil [[variable gauge|gauge changer]] is at the Tornio yard. 
Between [[Västervik]] and [[:sv:Jenny, Västervik|Jenny]], Sweden, there is a {{Track gauge|891mm}} and {{Track gauge|1435mm |comma=off}} dual-gauge line and dual-gauge track in the Västervik station area.

;Switzerland
In Switzerland, dual-gauge {{Track gauge|1435mm |comma=off}} track and {{Track gauge|1000mm |comma=off}} track exists between [[Lucerne]] and [[Horw]] of the [[Zentralbahn]], between [[Niederbipp]] and [[Oberbipp]] of the [[Oberaargau-Jura Railways]] and between [[Chur]] and [[Domat/Ems]] of [[RhB]]. All three allow narrow-gauge passenger trains and standard-gauge freight trains to operate. A ″non-stop″ scheme (albeit with a pause to change locomotives) on the [[Montreux]]-[[Interlaken]] route was inaugurated in December 2022.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Fender|first=Keith|title=Swiss introduce gauge-changing train on Montreaux Interlaken route|date=April 2023|magazine=[[Trains (magazine)|Trains]]|publisher=[[Kalmbach Media]]|pages=41–42}}</ref> The former [[Zollikofen]]-[[Worblaufen]]-[[Stettlen|Deisswil]] dual gauge was cut back to Papiermühle when the factory in Deisswil closed.{{when|date=November 2022}}

;Ukraine
The railway tracks between the border with [[Slovakia]] at [[Solomonovo]] and the border with [[Romania]] at [[Nevetlenfolu]] are dual-gauge, {{Track gauge|1520mm|lk=on|comma=off}} and {{Track gauge|1435mm|lk=on|comma=off}}. This is in part due to the Austro-Hungarian heritage of the [[Zakarpattia Oblast]], but also has military and political importance, as it allows standard-gauge trains to run between Romania and Slovakia by bypassing [[Hungary]], otherwise impossible due to the break-of -gauge between the Russian-gauge network of Ukraine and standard-gauge networks of Romania and Slovakia.

;United Kingdom
The [[Great Western Railway]] in Britain was originally built to a broad gauge of 2134&nbsp;mm (7&nbsp;ft 0 in), subsequently widened to 2140&nbsp;mm (7&nbsp;ft 0{{frac|1|2}} in). After a [[Great Western Railway#Brunel's 7-foot gauge and the "gauge war"|"gauge war"]], the gauge was [[track gauge conversion|converted]] to {{Track gauge|1435mm |comma=off}}. A dual-gauge system was easily installed as the gauges were well separated and the line had wooden [[railroad tie|sleepers]]. A short section of broad and standard gauge is at the [[Great Western Society]] site at [[Didcot]].

The port authority in [[Derry]], [[Northern Ireland]], used a dual-gauge line in a street-level network to transfer freight. Two of the city's stations were on a narrow {{Track gauge|914mm|lk=on|comma=off}} gauge. The other two city stations were on broad {{Track gauge|1600mm|lk=on|comma=off}} gauge.

The [[Fairbourne Railway]] in [[Gwynedd]], [[Wales]], has a section of dual gauge track from Fairbourne station to Car Park crossing installed in the late 2010s to allow visiting {{Track gauge|15in|lk=on}} gauge trains to run on part of the line, which was converted to {{Track gauge|12.25in|lk=on}} gauge in 1986, usually as part of special events.
;United States
In Los Angeles, the {{Track gauge|1067mm|lk=on|comma=off}} [[Los Angeles Railway]] and {{Track gauge|1435mm |comma=off}} [[Pacific Electric Railway]] ran on dual gauge track on some [[Downtown Los Angeles|downtown]] streets.{{when|date=November 2022}}

From 1880 to 1902, the [[Burlington, Cedar Rapids and Northern Railway]] (standard gauge) and the [[Burlington and Northwestern Railway]] (narrow gauge) shared a dual-gauge mainline from [[Burlington, Iowa]], to [[Mediapolis, Iowa|Mediapolis]], {{convert|23|km|mi|abbr=off}} to the north.

The early operational years of the [[State Belt Railroad]] in [[San Francisco]] featured dual-gauge tracks to accommodate regional railroads of the time, which [[Ferries of San Francisco Bay|interchanged via ferry]].

Until 1941, the [[Colorado and Southern Railway]] used both standard-gauge and narrow-gauge tracks, and had a dual-gauge line between [[Denver]] and [[Golden, Colorado]].

Until the 1960s, the [[Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad]]'s [[Alamosa–Durango Line]] from [[Alamosa, Colorado]], to [[Antonito, Colorado|Antonito]] was dual-gauge ({{Track gauge|914mm }} and {{Track gauge|1435mm |comma=off}}).

Previously, in its yard at [[Mount Union, Pennsylvania]], the [[East Broad Top Railroad and Coal Company]] used dual-gauge tracks.

;Vietnam
In Vietnam, near the border with China, there is {{Track gauge|1000mm |comma=off}} and {{Track gauge|1435mm |comma=off}} dual-gauge track between [[Hanoi]] and [[Đồng Đăng]]. Other smaller dual-gauge sections exist elsewhere in the north-east of the country.<ref>[http://www.vr.com.vn/english/hientaihoatdong.html The length of Vietnam railway network] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060910185049/http://www.vr.com.vn/english/hientaihoatdong.html |date=September 10, 2006 }}</ref>