Editing Electrostatic generator (section)

=====Wimshurst machine=====
{{Main|Wimshurst machine}}
[[File:Wimshurst.jpg|thumb|A small Wimshurst machine]]
In 1878, the British inventor [[James Wimshurst]] started his studies about electrostatic generators, improving the Holtz machine, in a powerful version with multiple disks. The classical Wimshurst machine, that became the most popular form of influence machine, was reported to the scientific community by 1883, although previous machines with very similar structures were previously described by Holtz and Musaeus. In 1885, one of the largest-ever Wimshurst machines was built in England (it is now at the [[Museum of Science and Industry (Chicago)|Chicago Museum of Science and Industry]]). The [[Wimshurst machine]] is a considerably simple machine; it works, as all influence machines, with electrostatic induction of charges, which means that it uses even the slightest existing charge to create and accumulate more charges, and repeats this process for as long as the machine is in action. Wimshurst machines are composed of: two insulated disks attached to pulleys of opposite rotation, the disks have small conductive (usually metal) plates on their outward-facing sides; two double-ended brushes that serve as charge stabilizers and are also the place where induction happens, creating the new charges to be collected; two pairs of collecting combs, which are, as the name implies, the collectors of electrical charge produced by the machine; two Leyden Jars, the capacitors of the machine; a pair of electrodes, for the transfer of charges once they have been sufficiently accumulated. The simple structure and components of the Wimshurst Machine make it a common choice for a homemade electrostatic experiment or demonstration, these characteristics were factors that contributed to its popularity, as previously mentioned.<ref>{{cite web|last=De Queiroz|first=A. C|title=Operation of the Wimshurst Machine|year=2014|url=http://www.coe.ufrj.br/~acmq/whyhow.html}}
* {{cite web|last=MIT|title=MIT Physics Demo – The Wimshurst Machine|website=[[YouTube]] |year=2010|url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zilvl9tS0Og| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130320163625/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zilvl9tS0Og&gl=US&hl=en| archive-date=2013-03-20 | url-status=dead}}
* {{cite web|last=Weisstein|first=E. W|title=Wimshurst Machine – from Eric Weisstein's World of Physics|year=1996–2007|url=http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/WimshurstMachine.html}}
* {{cite web|last=Von Slatt|first=J|title=Jake's Wimshurst Machine and How to Build It! (Part 1)|year=2012|url=http://steampunkworkshop.com/how-build-wimshurst-influence-machine-part-1/}}</ref>

In 1887, Weinhold modified the Leyser machine with a system of vertical metal bar inductors with wooden cylinders close to the disk for avoiding polarity reversals. [[M. L. Lebiez]] described the [[Lebiez machine]], that was essentially a simplified [[Voss machine]] (''L'Électricien'', April 1895, pp.&nbsp;225–227). In 1893, Louis Bonetti patented a machine with the structure of the Wimshurst machine, but without metal sectors in the disks.<ref>Bonetti, "Une machine électrostatique, genre Wimshurst, sans secteurs et invisible" [An electrostatic machine of the Wimshurst type, without visible sectors], French patent no. 232,623 (issued: September 5, 1893). See: ''Description des machines et procédés pour lesquels des brevets d'invention ont été pris'' … (Descriptions of machines and processes for which patents of invention have been taken … ), 2nd series, vol. 87, part 2 (1893), section: Instruments de précision: Production et transport de l'électricité, [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924062420827;view=1up;seq=385 page 87.]</ref><ref>See also:
* (Anon.) (April 14, 1894) [http://www.dbnl.org/arch/_lan015189401_01/pag/_lan015189401_01.pdf#page=305 "Machines d'induction électrostatique sans secteurs"] (Electrostatic induction machines without sectors), ''La Nature'', '''22''' (1089) : 305–306.
* English translation of ''La Nature'' article (above): (Anon.) (May 26, 1894) [https://archive.org/stream/scientific-american-1894-05-26/scientific-american-v70-n21-1894-05-26#page/n4/mode/1up/ "Electrostatic induction machines without sectors,"] ''Scientific American'', '''70''' (21) : 325-326.
* S. M. Keenan (August 1897) [https://books.google.com/books?id=Z9RLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA316 "Sectorless Wimshurst machines,"] ''American Electrician'', '''9''' (8) : 316–317
* [http://www.coe.ufrj.br/~acmq/bonetti.html Instructions for building a Bonetti machine]
* G. Pellissier (1891) [https://archive.org/stream/journaldephysiq57physgoog#page/n454/mode/1up "Théorie de la machine de Wimshurst"] (Theory of Wimshurt's machine), ''Journal de Physique théoretique et appliquée'', 2nd series, '''10''' (1) : 414–419. On p. 418, French lighting engineer Georges Pellissier describes what is essentially a Bonetti machine: " ''...&nbsp;la machine de Wimshurst pourrait, en effet, être construite avec des plateaux de verre unis et des peignes au lieu de brosses aux extrémités des conducteurs diamétraux. L'amorçage au départ devrait être fait à l'aide d'une source étrangère, placée, par example, en face de A<sub>1</sub>, à l'extérieur.''" (...&nbsp;Wimshurst's machine could, in effect, be constructed with plain glass plates and with combs in place of brushes at the ends of the diametrical conductors. The initial charging could be done with the aid of an external source placed, for example, opposite and outside of [section] A<sub>1</sub> [of the glass disk].) Pellissier then states that "the role of the metallic sectors of the Wimshurst machine seems to be primarily, in effect, to facilitate its automatic starting and to reduce the influence of atmospheric humidity."</ref> This machine is significantly more powerful than the sectored version, but it must usually be started with an externally applied charge.