Editing End-to-end encryption (section)

=== Backdoors ===
A backdoor is usually a secret method of bypassing normal authentication or encryption in a computer system, a product, an embedded device, etc.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Eckersley|first1=Peter|last2=Portnoy|first2=Erica|title=Intel's Management Engine is a security hazard, and users need a way to disable it|url=https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2017/05/intels-management-engine-security-hazard-and-users-need-way-disable-it|access-date=7 March 2018|agency=www.eff.org.|date=8 May 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306011455/https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2017/05/intels-management-engine-security-hazard-and-users-need-way-disable-it|archive-date=6 March 2018}}</ref> Companies may also willingly or unwillingly introduce [[Backdoor (computing)|backdoors]] to their software that help subvert key negotiation or bypass encryption altogether. In 2013, information leaked by [[Edward Snowden]] showed that [[Skype]] had a backdoor which allowed Microsoft to hand over their users' messages to the [[NSA]] despite the fact that those messages were officially end-to-end encrypted.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Goodin|first1=Dan|title=Think your Skype messages get end-to-end encryption? Think again|url=https://arstechnica.com/security/2013/05/think-your-skype-messages-get-end-to-end-encryption-think-again/|work=Ars Technica|date=20 May 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222185542/http://arstechnica.com/security/2013/05/think-your-skype-messages-get-end-to-end-encryption-think-again/ |archive-date=22 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Greenwald|first1=Glenn|author-link=Glenn Greenwald|last2=MacAskill|first2=Ewen|last3=Poitras|first3=Laura|last4=Ackerman|first4=Spencer|last5=Rushe|first5=Dominic|title=Microsoft handed the NSA access to encrypted messages|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/11/microsoft-nsa-collaboration-user-data|work=the Guardian|date=12 July 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119014627/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/11/microsoft-nsa-collaboration-user-data |archive-date=19 November 2015}}</ref>

Following terrorist attacks in [[2015 San Bernardino attack|San Bernardino in 2015]] and [[Naval Air Station Pensacola shooting|Pensacola in 2019]], the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] requested backdoors to [[Apple Inc.|Apple's]] [[iPhone]] software. The company, however, refused to create a backdoor for the government, citing concern that such a tool could pose risk for its consumers’ privacy.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Leswing|first=Kif|date=2020-01-16|title=Apple's fight with Trump and the Justice Department is about more than two iPhones|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/16/apple-fbi-backdoor-battle-is-about-more-than-two-iphones.html|access-date=2021-04-16|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref>