Editing Endometrium (section)

==Endometrial protection==
Estrogens stimulate endometrial [[cell_proliferation|proliferation]] and [[carcinogenesis]].<ref name="pmid20870686">{{cite journal | vauthors = Mueck AO, Seeger H, Rabe T | title = Hormonal contraception and risk of endometrial cancer: a systematic review | journal = Endocr Relat Cancer | volume = 17 | issue = 4 | pages = R263–71 | date = December 2010 | pmid = 20870686 | doi = 10.1677/ERC-10-0076 | url = | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="pmid16112947">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kuhl H | title = Pharmacology of estrogens and progestogens: influence of different routes of administration | journal = Climacteric | volume = 8 | issue = Suppl 1| pages = 3–63 | date = August 2005 | pmid = 16112947 | doi = 10.1080/13697130500148875 | s2cid = 24616324 | url = }}</ref><ref name="pmid34841960">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hamoda H | title = British Menopause Society tools for clinicians: Progestogens and endometrial protection | journal = Post Reprod Health | volume = 28 | issue = 1 | pages = 40–46 | date = March 2022 | pmid = 34841960 | doi = 10.1177/20533691211058030 | s2cid = 244749616 | url = }}</ref> Conversely, progestogens inhibit endometrial proliferation and carcinogenesis caused by estrogens and stimulate [[cellular differentiation|differentiation]] of the endometrium into [[decidua]], which is termed [[endometrial transformation]] or decidualization.<ref name="pmid20870686" /><ref name="pmid16112947" /><ref name="pmid34841960" /> This is mediated by the progestogenic and functional [[antiestrogen]]ic effects of progestogens in this tissue.<ref name="pmid16112947" /> These effects of progestogens and their protection against [[endometrial hyperplasia]] and [[endometrial cancer]] caused by estrogens is referred to as ''endometrial protection''.<ref name="pmid20870686" /><ref name="pmid16112947" /><ref name="pmid34841960" /> As a result of endometrial protection, endometrial cells can undergo [[Epithelial–mesenchymal transition|epithelial-mesenchymal transition]] and be detected in menstrual fluid.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kovina |first1=M.V. |last2=Krasheninnikov |first2=M.E. |last3=Dyuzheva |first3=T.G. |last4=Danilevsky |first4=M.I. |last5=Klabukov |first5=I.D. |last6=Balyasin |first6=M.V. |last7=Chivilgina |first7=O.K. |last8=Lyundup |first8=A.V. |date=2018 |title=Human endometrial stem cells: High-yield isolation and characterization |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1465324918300045 |journal=Cytotherapy |language=English |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=361–374 |doi=10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.12.012 |issn=1465-3249 |pmid=29397307|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bozorgmehr |first1=M. |last2=Gurung |first2=S. |last3=Darzi |first3=S. |last4=Nikoo |first4=S. |last5=Kazemnejad |first5=S. |last6=Zarnani |first6=A.-H. |last7=Gargett |first7=C.E. |date=2020 |title=Endometrial and Menstrual Blood Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: Biological Properties and Clinical Application |journal=Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |language=English |volume=8 |page=497 |doi=10.3389/fcell.2020.00497 |doi-access=free |issn=2296-634X |pmc=7364758 |pmid=32742977}}</ref>