Editing Endoscope (section)

== Recent developments ==

'''[[Robot-assisted surgery|Robot assisted surgery]]'''
[[File:CapsuleEndoscope.jpg|thumb|A capsule endoscope]]
With the development and application of  robotic systems, especially [[Surgical Robot|surgical robotics]], [[remote surgery]] has been introduced, in which the surgeon could be at a site far away from the patient. The first remote surgery was called the [[Lindbergh Operation]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-10-13 |title=cooltech.iafrica.com {{!}} tech news World first transatlantic robotic surgery |url=http://cooltech.iafrica.com/technews/807264.htm |access-date=2022-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013094649/http://cooltech.iafrica.com/technews/807264.htm |archive-date=2007-10-13 }}</ref> And a wireless oesophageal pH measuring devices can now be placed endoscopically, to record ph trends in an area remotely.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Esophageal pH Test: MedlinePlus Medical Test |url=https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/esophageal-ph-test/ |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=medlineplus.gov |language=en}}</ref>

'''Endoscopy VR simulators'''

[[Virtual reality]] simulators are being developed for training doctors on various endoscopy skills.<ref>{{cite web |title=Overview of Endoscopy Haptics Simulator Project |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ogMr5u5oqN8 |work=M2D2 Laboratory, Indian Institute of Science |publisher=YouTube}}</ref>

'''Disposable endoscopy'''

Disposable endoscopy is an emerging category of endoscopic instruments. Recent developments<ref>{{cite web |title=Dokument nicht gefunden |url=http://www.fraunhofer.de/en/press/research-news/2010-2011/15/cameras-out-of-the-salt-shaker.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720064520/http://www.fraunhofer.de/en/press/research-news/2010-2011/15/cameras-out-of-the-salt-shaker.jsp |archive-date=2011-07-20}}</ref> have allowed the manufacture of endoscopes inexpensive enough to be used on a single patient only. It is meeting a growing demand to lessen the risk of cross contamination and hospital acquired diseases. A European consortium of the [[SME (society)|SME]] is working on the DUET (disposable use of endoscopy tool) project to build a disposable endoscope.<ref>{{cite web |date=2018-03-26 |title=Development of a Disposable Use Endoscopy Tool |url=http://www.ist-world.org/ProjectDetails.aspx?ProjectId=6ad6814768374801b7401a5ae435dec6 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723225345/http://www.ist-world.org/ProjectDetails.aspx?ProjectId=6ad6814768374801b7401a5ae435dec6 |archive-date=2011-07-23}}</ref>

'''Capsule endoscopy'''
Capsule endoscopes are pill-sized imaging devices that are swallowed by a patient and then record images of the gastrointestinal tract as they pass through naturally.  Images are typically retrieved via wireless data transfer to an external receiver.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Patient Information |url=https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=asge.org |language=en}}</ref>

'''[[Augmented reality]]'''

The endoscopic images can be combined with other image sources to provide the surgeon with additional information. For instance, the position of an [[Anatomy|anatomical]] structure or tumor might be shown in the endoscopic video.<ref>{{YouTube|i4emmCcBb4s|Augmented Reality: Path guidance to craniopharyngioma}}</ref>

'''Image enhancement'''

Emerging endoscope technologies measure additional properties of light such as optical polarization,<ref name="pmid25836165">{{cite journal |vauthors=Manhas S, Vizet J, Deby S, Vanel JC, Boito P, Verdier M, De Martino A, Pagnoux D |date=February 2015 |title=Demonstration of full 4×4 Mueller polarimetry through an optical fiber for endoscopic applications |journal=Optics Express |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=3047–54 |bibcode=2015OExpr..23.3047M |doi=10.1364/OE.23.003047 |pmid=25836165 |doi-access=free}}</ref> optical phase,<ref name="pmid27279676">{{cite journal |last1=Gordon |first1=GSD |last2=Joseph |first2=J |last3=Alcolea |first3=MP |last4=Sawyer |first4=T |last5=Macfaden |first5=AJ |last6=Williams |first6=C |last7=Fitzpatrick |first7=CRM |last8=Jones |first8=PH |last9=di Pietro |first9=M |last10=Fitzgerald |first10=RC |last11=Wilkinson |first11=TD |year=2018 |title=Quantitative phase and polarisation endoscopy applied to detection of early oesophageal tumourigenesis |journal=Journal of Biomedical Optics |volume=24 |issue=12 |pages=1–13 |arxiv=1811.03977 |doi=10.1117/1.JBO.24.12.126004 |pmc=7006047 |pmid=31840442 |first12=SE |last12=Bohndiek}}</ref> and additional wavelengths of light to improve contrast.<ref name="pmid21639573">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kester RT, Bedard N, Gao L, Tkaczyk TS |date=May 2011 |title=Real-time snapshot hyperspectral imaging endoscope |journal=Journal of Biomedical Optics |volume=16 |issue=5 |pages=056005–056005–12 |bibcode=2011JBO....16e6005K |doi=10.1117/1.3574756 |pmc=3107836 |pmid=21639573}}</ref>

[[File:Endoscope,_USB,_2015-05-30.jpg|thumb|A low-cost waterproof USB endoscope for non-medical use]]