Editing Fat Man (section)

===Detonation===
{{See also|Weather events during wars#World War II}}
[[File:Nagasaki509th 1.gif|thumb|right|Detonation of the Mark III 'Fat Man' and ensuing mushroom cloud.]]
[[File:Nagasaki509th 2.gif|thumb|right]]
[[File:Hypocenter_of_Atomic_bombings_in_Nagasaki.jpg|265x265px|right|thumb|[[Hypocenter]] of Fat Man Atomic bomb in Nagasaki]]
''Bockscar'' lifted off at 03:47 on 9 August 1945, with [[Kokura]] as the primary target and [[Nagasaki]] the secondary target. The weapon was already armed but with the green electrical safety plugs still engaged. Ashworth changed them to red after ten minutes so that Sweeney could climb to {{convert|17000|ft}} in order to get above storm clouds.{{sfn|Rhodes|1986|p=740}} During the pre-flight inspection of ''Bockscar'', the flight engineer notified Sweeney that an inoperative fuel transfer pump made it impossible to use {{convert|640|USgal|L}} of fuel carried in a reserve tank. This fuel would still have to be carried all the way to Japan and back, consuming still more fuel. Replacing the pump would take hours; moving the Fat Man to another aircraft might take just as long and was dangerous as well, as the bomb was live. Colonel [[Paul Tibbets]] and Sweeney therefore elected to have ''Bockscar'' continue the mission.{{sfn|Sweeney|Antonucci|Antonucci|1997|pp=204–205}}

[[File:Nagasaki 1945 - Before and after (adjusted).jpg|thumb|right|Effects of the Fat Man's detonation on Nagasaki]]
Kokura was obscured by clouds and drifting smoke from fires started by a major [[firebombing]] raid by 224 B-29s on nearby [[Yahata, Fukuoka|Yahata]] the previous day. This covered 70% of the area over Kokura, obscuring the aiming point. Three bomb runs were made over the next 50 minutes, burning fuel and repeatedly exposing the aircraft to the heavy defenses of Yahata, but the bombardier was unable to drop visually. By the time of the third bomb run, Japanese [[Anti-aircraft warfare|anti-aircraft fire]] was getting close; Second Lieutenant [[Jacob Beser]] was monitoring Japanese communications, and he reported activity on the Japanese fighter direction radio bands.{{sfn|Sweeney|Antonucci|Antonucci|1997|pp=179, 213–215}}

Sweeney then proceeded to the alternative target of Nagasaki. It was obscured by clouds as well, and Ashworth ordered Sweeney to make a radar approach. At the last minute, however, bombardier{{sfn|Rhodes|1986|p=740}} Captain [[Kermit K. Beahan]]{{sfn|Campbell|2005|p=32}} found a hole in the clouds. The Fat Man was dropped and exploded at 11:02 local time, following a 43-second free-fall, at an altitude of about {{convert|1650|ft}}.{{sfn|Rhodes|1986|p=740}} 

An estimated 35,000–40,000 people were killed outright by the bombing at Nagasaki. A total of 60,000–80,000 fatalities resulted, including from long-term health effects, the strongest of which was leukemia with an attributable risk of 46% for bomb victims.<ref>[http://k1project.org/explore-health/hiroshima-and-nagasaki-the-long-term-health-effects Columbia university center for nuclear studies: Hiroshima and Nagasaki: The Long Term Health Effects] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723042220/http://k1project.org/explore-health/hiroshima-and-nagasaki-the-long-term-health-effects |date=23 July 2015 }}, updated 7/3/2014</ref> Others died later from related blast and burn injuries, and hundreds more from radiation illnesses from exposure to the bomb's initial radiation.{{sfn|Craven|Cate|1953|pp=723–725}} Most of the direct deaths and injuries were among munitions or industrial workers.<ref name="HOG">{{cite book |title=Nuke-Rebuke: Writers & Artists Against Nuclear Energy & Weapons (The Contemporary anthology series) |pages=22–29 |date=1 May 1984 |publisher=The Spirit That Moves Us Press}}</ref>

Mitsubishi's industrial production in the city was severed by the attack; the dockyard would have produced at 80 percent of its full capacity within three to four months, the steelworks would have required a year to get back to substantial production, the electric works would have resumed some production within two months and been back at capacity within six months, and the arms plant would have required 15 months to return to 60 to 70 percent of former capacity. The Mitsubishi-Urakami Ordnance Works, which manufactured the [[Type 91 torpedo]]es released in the [[attack on Pearl Harbor]], was destroyed in the blast.<ref name="HOG"/><ref>{{cite web |publisher=U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey |title=United States Strategic Bombing Survey Summary Report (Pacific War) The Effects of the Atomic Bombs |url=http://www.anesi.com/ussbs01.htm#teotab |page=24}}</ref>