Editing Fight-or-flight response (section)

==Emotional components==

===Emotion regulation===
{{See also|Emotional self-regulation}}
In the context of the fight or flight response, emotional regulation is used proactively to avoid threats of stress or to control the level of emotional arousal. Emotional socialization can develop someone's ability to successfully regulate their emotions. Faced with a perceived threat (in the context of a fight or flight situation) those raised with supportive parental behaviors are far more likely to easily self-regulate their emotions.<ref name="Emotional Regulation - Cistler">{{cite journal|last=Cistler|first=Josh|author2=Bunmi O. Olatunji |author3=Matthew T. Feldner |author4=John P. Forsyth |title=Emotion Regulation and the Anxiety Disorders: An Integrative Review|journal=Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment|year=2010|volume=32|issue=1|pages=68–82|doi=10.1007/s10862-009-9161-1|pmid=20622981|pmc=2901125}}</ref><ref name="Emotional Regulation - Gross">{{cite journal|last=Gross|first=James|title=Sharpening the Focus: Emotion Regulation, Arousal, and Social Competence|journal=Psychological Inquiry|year=1998|volume=9|issue=4|pages=287–290|doi=10.1207/s15327965pli0904_8}}</ref>

===Emotional reactivity===
During the reaction, the intensity of emotion that is brought on by the stimulus will also determine the nature and intensity of the behavioral response.<ref name="Emotional Reactivity - Avero">{{cite journal|last=Avero|first=Pedro|author2=Calvo, M|title=Emotional reactivity to social-evaluative stress: genderdifferences in response systems concordance|journal=Personality and Individual Differences|date=1 July 1999|volume=27|issue=1|pages=155–170|doi=10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00229-3}}</ref> In a experiment conducted by Clayton, Lang, Leshner and Quick (2019), they viewed the responses of 49 participants to antitobacco messages.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Clayton |first1=Russell B. |last2=Lang |first2=Annie |last3=Leshner |first3=Glenn |last4=Quick |first4=Brian L. |date=2019-07-04 |title=Who Fights, Who Flees? An Integration of the LC4MP and Psychological Reactance Theory |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15213269.2018.1476157 |journal=Media Psychology |language=en |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=545–571 |doi=10.1080/15213269.2018.1476157 |issn=1521-3269|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Participants reacted in two orders of fashion after seeing the message with the individual smoker and their effects on those surrounding them.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sanders-Jackson |first1=Ashley N. |last2=Cappella |first2=Joseph N. |last3=Linebarger |first3=Deborah L. |last4=Piotrowski |first4=Jessica Taylor |last5=O'Keeffe |first5=Moira |last6=Strasser |first6=Andrew A. |date=2011-04-01 |title=Visual Attention to Antismoking PSAs: Smoking Cues versus Other Attention-Grabbing Features |journal=Human Communication Research |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=275–292 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-2958.2010.01402.x |issn=0360-3989 |pmc=3489183 |pmid=23136462}}</ref> The first reaction was participants who had higher defense mechanisms, who decided to ignore the messages, while the other participants who had lower defense mechanisms, ended up arguing and becoming frustrated after viewing the antitobacco messages.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Clayton |first1=Russell B. |last2=Leshner |first2=Glenn |last3=Tomko |first3=Rachel L. |last4=Trull |first4=Timothy J. |last5=Piasecki |first5=Thomas M. |date=2017-03-04 |title=Who Fights, Who Flees? An Integration of the LC4MP and Psychological Reactance Theory |journal=Media Psychology |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=254–261 |doi=10.1080/10810730.2016.1268222 |issn=1081-0730 |pmc=5451094 |pmid=28248620}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wong |first1=Norman C. H. |last2=Harrison |first2=Kylie J. |last3=Harvell |first3=Lindsey A. |date=2015-09-24 |title=Reactance and Public Health Messages: The Unintended Dangers of Anti-tobacco PSAs |url=http://redfame.com/journal/index.php/smc/article/view/1022 |journal=Studies in Media and Communication |language=en |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=72–83 |doi=10.11114/smc.v3i2.1022 |issn=2325-808X}}</ref> Individuals with higher levels of emotional reactivity (Such as an [[anxiety disorder]]) may be prone to [[anxiety]] and [[aggression]], which illustrates the implications of appropriate emotional reaction in the fight or flight response.<ref name="Emotional Reactivity - Carthy">{{cite journal|last=Carthy|first=T|author2=Horesh N |author3=Apter A |author4=Edge MD |author5=Gross JJ |title=Emotional reactivity and cognitive regulation in anxious children|journal=Behaviour Research and Therapy|date=May 2010|volume=48|issue=5|pages=384–393|doi=10.1016/j.brat.2009.12.013|pmid=20089246|s2cid=14382059}}</ref><ref name="Emotional reactivity - Valiente">{{cite journal|last=Valiente|first=C|author2=Eisenberg N |author3=Smith CL |author4=Reiser M |author5=Fabes RA |author6=Losoya S |author7=Guthrie IK |author8=Murphy BC |title=The relations of effortful control and reactive control to children's externalising problems: A longitudinal assessment|journal=Personality|date=December 2003|volume=71|issue=6|pages=1171–1196|doi=10.1111/1467-6494.7106011 |pmid=14633062}}</ref>