Editing Finlandization (section)

== Finlandization in other countries ==
=== Ukraine ===
{{See also|Russia–Ukraine relations|Ukraine–NATO relations}}
[[Ukraine]] has been seen as adhering to Finlandization due to its proximity to [[Russia]]. Until 2014, Ukraine officially identified itself as a non-aligned "non-bloc" nation. Under the presidency of [[Viktor Yanukovych]], Ukraine was neutral but pursued stronger links with Russia. Yanukovych signed into law a bill that prevented Ukraine from formally joining any military alliance, including NATO, while allowing cooperation.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/10229626 |title=Ukraine's parliament votes to abandon Nato ambitions |website=[[BBC Online]] |date=June 3, 2010 |access-date=November 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240810121142/https://www.bbc.com/news/10229626 |archive-date=August 10, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Following the outbreak of the [[Russo-Ukrainian War]] in 2014, and the subsequent annexation of [[Crimea]] by Russia, Ukraine renounced its neutral status; [[Petro Poroshenko]], then-President of Ukraine, submitted a legislative amendment to join NATO in December 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-parliament-abandons-neutrality/26758725.html |title=Ukraine Votes To Abandon Neutrality, Set Sights On NATO |website=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] |date=December 23, 2014 |access-date=November 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240916123108/https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-parliament-abandons-neutrality/26758725.html |archive-date=September 16, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> This was seen as the end of Finlandization in Ukraine.<ref name="KirbyVox">{{Cite web |last=Kirby |first=Jen |url=https://www.vox.com/22996058/ukraine-neutrality-war-russia |title=What, exactly, is a "neutral" Ukraine? |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=March 30, 2022 |access-date=November 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426181157/https://www.vox.com/22996058/ukraine-neutrality-war-russia |archive-date=April 26, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ukraine formally applied for NATO membership in September 2022.<ref>{{cite news |date=30 September 2022 |title=Ukraine applies for Nato membership after Russia annexes territory |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/sep/30/ukraine-applies-for-nato-membership-after-russia-annexes-territory |url-status=live |access-date=30 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001000623/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/sep/30/ukraine-applies-for-nato-membership-after-russia-annexes-territory |archive-date=1 October 2022 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>

Russia escalated the Russo-Ukrainian War by [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|invading Ukraine in February 2022]]. As a result, it has been suggested that Ukraine re-adopt Finlandization to end the war.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2022/02/11/what-is-finlandisation |title=What is "Finlandisation"? |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |date=February 11, 2022 |access-date=November 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130115747/https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2022/02/11/what-is-finlandisation |archive-date=November 30, 2022 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gergun |first=Artem |url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/blog-post/ukraine-between-realism-and-liberalism-avoiding-the-trap-finlandization |title=Ukraine Between Realism and Liberalism: Avoiding The Trap of "Finlandization" |website=Wilson Center |date=June 27, 2018 |access-date=November 13, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Eckel |first=Mike |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-finlandization-macron-zelenskiy-helsinki/31697728.html |title='Finlandization' For Ukraine? Macron's Reported Comment Hits A Nerve In Kyiv, Stirs Up Bad Memories In Helsinki |website=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |date=February 10, 2022 |access-date=November 13, 2024}}</ref> [[Germany|German]] Chancellor [[Olaf Scholz]] announced he opposes Ukrainian membership in NATO, calling on Ukraine to return to neutrality.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mamedov |first=Eldar |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/western-leader-blurts-out-what-was-once-taboo-on-ukraine/ar-AA1tIDfY |title=Western leader blurts out what was once taboo on Ukraine |website=[[MSN]] |date=November 8, 2024 |access-date=November 13, 2024}}</ref> [[Donald Trump|Donald Trump's]] victory in the [[2024 United States presidential election]] has raised concerns that a Trump administration may force Ukraine to accept a neutral, non-aligned Finlandization policy, due to Trump's intent to end the conflict as quickly as possible.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Irish |first1=John |last2=Kauranen |first2=Anne |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/finland-dismisses-finlandisation-model-ukraine-2024-11-11/ |title=Finland dismisses 'Finlandisation' model for Ukraine |website=[[Reuters]] |date=November 12, 2024 |access-date=November 13, 2024}}</ref>

International responses to the Russian invasion of Ukraine have also reflected Finlandization from some countries, particularly in Asia. [[India]] did not formally condemn the invasion, owing in part to its history of positive relations with Russia. It was also noted that [[Bangladesh]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Laos]], [[Mongolia]], [[Pakistan]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Tajikistan]] and [[Vietnam]] did not have strong responses to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, "reflecting pressures from Russia and China."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ito |first=Takatoshi |url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2022/05/30/2003778999 |title=Asian countries moving toward Finlandization |website=Taipei Times |date=May 30, 2022 |access-date=November 13, 2024}}</ref>

=== Mongolia ===
[[Mongolia]] has been perceived as following a policy of Finlandization, due to its geographic location being surrounded by Russia and [[China]]. Since Mongolia is considered to act as a buffer state between Russia and China, as well as being dependent on the latter, Mongolian foreign policy tends to be neutral and avoids hostility towards China or Russia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schaller |first=Peter |url=http://baabar.mn/article/https-en-wikipedia-org-wiki-finlandization |title=Finlandisation of Mongolia - A Model for the Future? |website=Babaar.mn |date=September 17, 2022 |access-date=November 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220918053302/http://baabar.mn/article/https-en-wikipedia-org-wiki-finlandization |archive-date=September 18, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Taiwan ===
{{See also|Cross-strait relations}}
Some scholars have argued that [[Taiwan]] has developed a policy of Finlandization with China.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chang |first=So-Heng |url=https://www.eurasiareview.com/10042010-is-taiwan-moving-toward-finlandization/ |title=Is Taiwan Moving Toward Finlandization? |website=Eurasia Review |date=April 10, 2010 |access-date=November 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029200157/https://www.eurasiareview.com/10042010-is-taiwan-moving-toward-finlandization/ |archive-date=October 29, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> Taipei City Councillor Hsu Chiao-hsin suggested that Taiwan could learn from Finland's policy of Finlandization in the Cold War era.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2022/03/04/2003774145 |title=EDITORIAL: 'Finlandization' no way for Taiwan |website=[[Taipei Times]] |date=March 4, 2022 |access-date=November 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323210616/https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2022/03/04/2003774145 |archive-date=March 23, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>