Editing First Chief Directorate (section)

==FCD residency organization==
The KGB First Chief Directorate residency was the equivalent of the U.S. [[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA) station. The chief of residency (Resident) was the equivalent of the CIA's [[Station chief#CIA|Chief of Station]].

A ''legal resident'' is a [[spy]] who operates in a foreign country under [[Official cover|diplomatic cover]] (e.g., from his country's embassy). He is an official member of the consular staff, such as a commercial, cultural, or military attaché. Thus, he has [[diplomatic immunity]] from prosecution and cannot be arrested by the host country if suspected of [[espionage]]. The most the host country can do is send him back to his home country. He is in charge of the residency and the personnel. He is also an official contact who well-known people in government can contact in times of crisis.

In 1962, KGB [[Washington, D.C.]] Resident Aleksandr Fomin (real name [[Alexander Feklisov]]) played a huge role in resolving the [[Cuban Missile Crisis]].

The residency was divided into lines (sections). Each line was responsible for its assigned task of gathering intelligence. For instance, one of the lines was responsible for [[counterintelligence]].

The Line KR (short for "kontrazviedka," counterintelligence) played a big role in the KGB residency, being responsible for counterintelligence and security of the residency and the consulate or embassy that housed the residency. Mainly it used so-called "defensive counterintelligence" tactics. This meant that Line KR attention and force was used for the internal security. Line KR had operational control over residency personnel, [[surveillance]], establishment of any suspicious contacts of residency personnel with citizens of the country where they are staying that they had not reported, checking personal mail, etc. Line KR used such tactics to prevent or uncover anyone from the residency or embassy from being recruited by the enemy, such as the U.S. [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI).

In 1985, the Line KR's role was increased considerably after CIA counterintelligence officer [[Aldrich Ames]] and [[FBI]] counterintelligence special agent [[Robert Hanssen]] volunteered their services to the KGB residency in Washington, DC.

In return for money, they gave the KGB the names of officers of the KGB residency in Washington, DC, and other places, who cooperated with the FBI and/or the CIA. Line KR officers immediately arrested a number of people, including [[Major General]] [[Dmitri Polyakov]], a high-ranking military intelligence officer ([[GRU (Soviet Union)|GRU]]). He was cooperating with the CIA and FBI. Ames reported that Colonel [[Oleg Gordievsky]], [[London]] resident, had spied for the [[Secret Intelligence Service]] (SIS or MI6). Line KR officers arrested many others, whom they sent to Moscow. There they were passed into the hands of the KGB Second Chief Directorate (counterintelligence).

After a quick and secret process, they were sentenced to death. The death sentences were carried out in the Lubyanka Prison. They were buried face down in unmarked graves. Only [[Oleg Gordievsky]] was able to escape from the USSR, with SIS help. 

Line KR officers did not want to immediately arrest all the KGB personnel identified by Ames and Hanssen because they did not want to draw the attention of the CIA and FBI (which it did). They wanted to run a game of disinformation. But Washington Resident Stanislav Androsov wished to demonstrate his office's effectiveness to his superiors and ordered the immediate arrest of all who helped the CIA and FBI. After those incidents, the security of residencies was increased and the Line KR was assigned more security officers, especially in countries like the United States and Great Britain.

{{center|'''KGB RESIDENCY'''}}
The KGB's FCD residency was divided in two parts – Operational Staff and Support Staff

* '''KGB Resident'''
::Operational staff
* '''Line PR''' – collects information about political, economic, and military strategic intelligence, also active measures
* '''Line KR''' – counterintelligence and security
* '''[[Line X]]''' – scientific and technical intelligence, specifically, acquisition of Western technology
* '''Line N''' – support to illegals
* '''Line EM''' – intelligence on emigres
* '''Line SK''' – security and surveillance of the Soviet diplomatic community
* '''Special Reservists'''
::Support staff
* Driver
* Line OT - operational technical support, including Impulse intercepting station monitoring communications of the local counterintelligence service
* Line RP - signals intelligence
* Line I - computers
* Cipher clerk radio operator
* Secretary/typist
* Accountant