Editing Flat engine (section)

===History===
{{More citations needed section|date=February 2021}}
{{multiple image
| align             = right
| direction         = vertical
| width             = 220
| image1            = Volkswagen motor cut 1945.JPG
| caption1          = [[Volkswagen air-cooled engine|Volkswagen air-cooled]] boxer-four engine
| image2            = Subaru BRZ engine (20413082204).jpg
| caption2          = 2012-present [[Subaru FA engine|Subaru FA20]] boxer-four engine
}}

The first flat engine was produced in 1897 by German engineer [[Karl Benz]].<ref name=English>{{cite news |last=English |first=Bob |title=The engine that Benz built still survives |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-drive/car-life/classic-cars/the-engine-that-benz-built-still-survives/article4317376/ |access-date=2013-12-19 |newspaper=The Globe and Mail |location=Canada |date=2010-04-29 |archive-date=20 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220085552/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-drive/car-life/classic-cars/the-engine-that-benz-built-still-survives/article4317376/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Hodzic |first=Muamer |title=Mercedes Heritage: Four-cylinder engines from Mercedes-Benz |url=http://www.benzinsider.com/2008/03/mercedes-heritage-four-cylinder-engines-from-mercedes-benz/ |work=Blog |publisher=BenzInsider |access-date=2013-12-20 |date=2008-03-27}}</ref> Called the ''kontra'' engine, it was a boxer-twin design. Early uses of flat engines in cars include the 1900 [[Lanchester Motor Company|Lanchester 8&nbsp;hp Phaeton]] boxer-twin, the 1901 [[Wilson-Pilcher]] boxer-four,<ref name="Automotor">{{cite journal |title=The Wilson-Pilcher Petrol Cars |journal=The Automotor Journal |date=1904-04-16}}</ref> the 1904 Wilson-Pilcher ''18/24 HP'' boxer-six and the 1903 [[Ford Model A (1903–1904)|Ford Model A]], the 1904 [[Ford Model C]] and the 1905 [[Ford Model F]].<ref name="Kimes">{{cite book|last=Kimes |first=Beverly |title=Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805-1942 |year=1996 |publisher=Krause Publications |isbn=0-87341-428-4 |page=572 }}</ref>

In 1938, the [[Volkswagen Beetle]] (then called the "KdF-Wagen") was released with a rear-mounted flat-four engine. This [[Volkswagen air-cooled engine]] was produced for many years and also used in the [[Volkswagen Type 2]] (Transporter, Kombi or Microbus), the [[Volkswagen Karmann Ghia]] sports car and the [[Volkswagen Type 3]] compact car. A water-cooled version, known as the [[Volkswagen Wasserboxer engine|Wasserboxer]], was introduced in 1982 and eventually replaced the air-cooled versions.

The majority of sports cars throughout Porsche's history are powered by flat engines, beginning with its first car; the 1948-1965 [[Porsche 356]] used an air-cooled boxer-four engine. Also using boxer-four engines were the 1969-1976 [[Porsche 914]], the 1965-1969 [[Porsche 912]] and the 2016-present [[Porsche 982|Porsche Boxster/Cayman (982)]]. The [[Porsche 911 (classic)|Porsche 911]] has exclusively used boxer-six engines from its introduction in 1964 until the present. In 1997, the Porsche 911 switched from being air-cooled to water-cooled.

[[Porsche flat-eight engines]] were used in various racing cars throughout the 1960s, such as the 1962 [[Porsche 804]] Formula One car and the 1968-1971 [[Porsche 908]] sports car. A flat-twelve engine was also produced by Porsche for the 1969-1973 [[Porsche 917]] sports car.

[[Chevrolet]] used a horizontally opposed air-cooled 6 cylinder engine in its [[Chevrolet Corvair|Corvair]] line during its entire production run from 1960 to 1969 in various applications and power ratings, including one of the first uses of a turbocharger in a mass-produced automobile.

The [[Subaru EA engine]] was introduced in 1966 and began [[Subaru]]'s line of boxer-four engines that remain in production to this day.<ref>{{cite web |title=Distinct Engineering Mounted into the Subaru 1000 |url=http://subaru-philosophy.com/post/29112851147/distinct-engineering-mounted-into-the-subaru-1000 |work=SUBARU Philosophy |publisher=Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd |access-date=2013-12-20 |date=2012-08-10 |quote=Source: 'Subaru' magazine – Subaru 1000 extra edition (issued 1966-05-20) |archive-date=21 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221053109/http://subaru-philosophy.com/post/29112851147/distinct-engineering-mounted-into-the-subaru-1000 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Most of Subaru's models are powered by a boxer-four engine in either naturally aspirated or turbocharged form. A print ad for the 1973 [[Subaru GL]] coupe referred to the engine as "quadrozontal".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scoobyblog.com/2007-01-04/vintage-subaru-ad-1973-the-subaru-gl-coupe |title=» Vintage Subaru Ad (1973 The Subaru GL Coupe) |publisher=Scoobyblog.com |access-date=2010-09-18}}</ref> The company also produced boxer-six engines from 1988 to 1996 and 2001–2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=Flat-6 Club: 1993 Subaru Impreza w/ Legacy 6-Cyl |url=http://www.dailyturismo.com/2018/06/flat-6-club-1993-subaru-impreza-w.html |website=www.dailyturismo.com |date=12 June 2018 |access-date=21 September 2019 |archive-date=21 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921022942/http://www.dailyturismo.com/2018/06/flat-6-club-1993-subaru-impreza-w.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2008, the [[List of Subaru engines#Subaru EE engine (diesel)|Subaru EE]] engine became the world's first passenger car diesel boxer engine. This engine is a turbocharged boxer-four with common rail fuel injection.<ref name=Hanlon /><ref>{{cite web |title=Greencarcongress |work=Legacy Diesel Announcement |url=http://www.greencarcongress.com/2008/01/subarus-first-b.html |access-date=2008-01-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Harwood |first=Allyson |title=2008 Subaru Turbodiesel Boxer - First Drive |url=http://www.motortrend.com/roadtests/sedans/112_0801_subaru_boxer_turbodiesel_first_drive/viewall.html |work=MotorTrend Magazine |publisher=Source Interlink Media |access-date=2013-12-20 |date=January 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=A True Engineering Revolution |url=http://www.boxerdiesel.com/engineering/en/01.html |work=SUBARU BOXER DIESEL |publisher=Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd |access-date=2013-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301122607/http://boxerdiesel.com/engineering/en/01.html |archive-date=2014-03-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Ferrari used flat-twelve engines for various Formula One cars in the 1970s. A road car flat-twelve engine (using a 180-degree V12 configuration) was used for the 1973-1984 [[Ferrari Berlinetta Boxer]], 1984-1996 [[Ferrari Testarossa]] and their derivatives.<ref>{{cite web |title=Flat-12 engine |url=http://www.ferrari.com/English/GT_Sport%20Cars/RacingInnovation/Pages/Flat_12_engine.aspx |work=Ferrari.com |publisher=Ferrari S.p.A. |access-date=2013-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225102235/http://www.ferrari.com/English/GT_Sport%20Cars/RacingInnovation/Pages/Flat_12_engine.aspx |archive-date=2013-12-25}}</ref>

Toyota uses the designation ''Toyota 4U-GSE'' for the boxer-four engine in the Toyota-badged versions of the [[Toyota 86|Toyota 86 / Subaru BRZ]] twins, although the engine is actually designed and built by Subaru as the [[Subaru FA engine#FA20|Subaru FA20]] engine.<ref name=Bonk />