Editing Fleeming Jenkin (section)

==Entrepreneur and academic==

===Partnership with Forde===
"In 1861, Jenkin left the service of Newall & Co. and entered into partnership with H. C. Forde, who had acted as engineer under the British Government for the Malta-Alexandria cable, and was now practising as a [[civil engineer]]. For several years, business was bad."<ref name=munro/>{{rp|¶ 44}}

===Domestic life===
In 1859 he married Ann Austin.<ref>{{cite book|title=Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002|date=July 2006|publisher=The Royal Society of Edinburgh|isbn=0-902-198-84-X|url=https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf|access-date=13 January 2017|archive-date=24 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124115814/http://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

With a young family coming, it was an anxious time but he bore his troubles lightly. [[Robert Louis Stevenson]] says in his ''memoir'' of Jenkin that it was his principle ''to enjoy each day's happiness as it arises, like birds and children.''{{citation needed |date=December 2012}}

In 1863 his first son was born and the family moved to a cottage at [[Claygate]] near [[Esher]]. Though ill and poor, he kept up his self-confidence.  ''The country,'' he wrote to his wife, ''will give us, please God, health and strength. I will love and cherish you more than ever. You shall go where you wish, you shall receive whom you wish, and as for money, you shall have that too. I cannot be mistaken. I have now measured myself with many men. I do not feel weak. I do not feel that I shall fail. In many things I have succeeded, and I will in this.... And meanwhile, the time of waiting, which, please Heaven, shall not be so long, shall also not be so bitter. Well, well, I promise much, and do not know at this moment how you and the dear child are. If he is but better, courage, my girl, for I see light.''<ref name=munro/>{{rp|¶ 45}}

He took to gardening, without a natural liking for it, and soon became an ardent expert. He wrote reviews and lectured or amused himself in playing [[charades]] and reading poetry. James Clerk Maxwell was among his visitors. During October 1860, he superintended the repairs of the Bona-Spartivento cable, revisiting Chia and Cagliari, then full of [[Giuseppe Garibaldi|Garibaldi]]'s troops. The
cable, which had been broken by the anchors of [[coral (precious)|coral]] fishers, was grapnelled with difficulty.  ''What rocks we did hook!'' writes Jenkin. ''No sooner was the grapnel down than the ship was anchored; and then came such a business: ship's engines going, deck engine thundering, belt slipping, tear of breaking ropes; actually breaking grapnels. It was always an hour or more before we could get the grapnels down again.''<ref name=munro/>{{rp|¶ 46}}

In 1865, on the birth of their second son, Mrs. Jenkin was very ill, and Jenkin, after running two miles for a doctor, knelt by her bedside during the night in a draught. He suffered from [[rheumatism]] and [[sciatica]] ever afterwards.<ref name=munro/>{{rp|¶ 47}} It nearly disabled him while laying the cable from [[Lowestoft]] to [[Norderney]] in Germany for [[Paul Reuter]] in 1866. This line was designed by Forde & Jenkin, manufactured by Messrs. W. T. Henley & Co., and laid by the ''Caroline'' and ''William Cory''. Clara Volkman, a niece of Reuter, sent the first message, with the telegraph engineer [[C. F. Varley]] holding her hand.

===Professor at London and Edinburgh===
"In 1866, Jenkin was appointed as professor (chair<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J4U9AQAAIAAJ|title=Scientific American|date=1885-07-11|publisher=Munn & Company|pages=16|language=en}}</ref>) of engineering at [[University College London]]. Two years later his prospects suddenly
improved. The partnership began to pay and he was selected to fill the newly established [[Regius Professor of Engineering (Edinburgh)|Regius Chair of Engineering]] at Edinburgh University. He wrote to his wife: 'With you in the garden (at Claygate), with Austin in the coach-house, with pretty songs in the little low white room, with the moonlight in the dear room upstairs—ah! it was perfect; but the long walk, wondering, pondering, fearing, scheming, and the dusty jolting railway, and the horrid fusty office, with its endless disappointments, they are well gone. It is well enough to fight, and scheme, and bustle about in the eager crowd here (in London) for a while now and then; but not for a lifetime. What I have now is just perfect. Study for winter, action for summer, lovely country for recreation, a pleasant town for talk.'"<ref name=munro/>{{rp|¶ 48}}

"The following June he was on board the ''[[SS Great Eastern|Great Eastern]]'' while she laid the [[French Atlantic cable]] from [[Brest, France|Brest]] to [[Saint-Pierre and Miquelon|Saint-Pierre]]. Among his shipmates were Sir William Thomson, Sir [[James Anderson (thinker)|James Anderson]], C. F. Varley, [[Latimer Clark]] and [[Willoughby Smith]]. Jenkin's sketches of Clark and Varley are remarkable. At Saint-Pierre they arrived in a fog which lifted to show their consort, the ''William Cory'', straight ahead, and the ''Gulnare'' signalling a welcome. Jenkin observed that the whole island was electrified by the battery at the telegraph station."<ref name=munro/>{{rp|¶ 50}}

===Partnership with Thomson and Varley===
"Jenkin's position at Edinburgh led to a partnership in cable work with Varley and Thomson, whom he always admired. Jenkin's practical and businesslike abilities were of assistance to Thomson, relieving him of routine and sparing his time for other work. In 1870 the [[siphon recorder]] for tracing a cablegram in ink instead of merely flashing it by the moving ray of the [[mirror galvanometer]], was introduced on long cables and became a source of profit to Jenkin and Varley as well as to Thomson, its inventor."<ref name=munro/>{{rp|¶ 51}}

"In 1873 Thomson and Jenkin were engineers for the [[Western and Brazilian cable]]. It was manufactured by [[Hooper & Co.]], of [[Millwall]] and the wire was coated with [[india rubber]], then a new insulator. The ''Hooper'' left [[Plymouth]] in June, and after touching at [[Madeira]], where Thomson was up 'sounding with his special toy' (the pianoforte wire) 'at half-past three in the morning,' they reached [[Pernambuco]] by the beginning of August, and laid a cable to [[Pará]]."<ref name=munro/>{{rp|¶ 52}}

"During the next two years the [[Brazil]]ian system was connected to the [[West Indies]] and the [[Río de la Plata]] but Jenkin was not present on the expeditions. While engaged in this work, the ill-fated ''La Plata'', carrying cable from the [[Siemens AG]] company to [[Montevideo]], sank in a [[cyclone]] off [[Ushant]] with the loss of nearly all her crew. The [[Mackay-Bennett Atlantic cables]] were also laid under their charge."<ref name=munro/>{{rp|¶ 53}}

===Pioneer of the supply and demand graphic===
In 1870, Jenkin published the essay "On the Graphical Representation of the Laws of Supply and Demand and their Application to Labour,"<ref>Fleeming Jenkin, 1870. "The Graphical Representation of the Laws of Supply and Demand, and their Application to Labour," in Alexander Grant, ed., ''Recess Studies'', Edinburgh. ch. VI, pp. 151–85. Edinburgh. Scroll to chapter [https://books.google.com/books?id=NC5BAAAAIAAJ link.]</ref> in which he "introduced the diagrammatic method into the English economic literature" – an early published instance of [[supply and demand]] curves.<ref>A.D. Brownlie and M. F. Lloyd Prichard, 1963. "Professor Fleeming Jenkin, 1833–1885 Pioneer in Engineering and Political Economy," ''Oxford Economic Papers'', NS, 15(3), p. 211.</ref> His treatment extended beyond earlier treatments on the Continent (not apparently known by him), complete with [[comparative statics]] (a change in equilibrium from a shifts of a curve), [[welfare economics|welfare analysis]], application to the labour market, and market-period and long-run distinctions.<ref>Thomas M. Humphrey, 1992. "Marshallian Cross Diagrams and Their Uses before Alfred Marshall," ''Economic Review'', Mar/Apr, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, pp. [https://www.richmondfed.org/publications/research/economic_review/1992/er780201 16–21.] </ref> It was later popularised by [[Alfred Marshall]] and remains arguably the most famous graphic in economics.{{citation needed |date=December 2012}}

===Sanitary protection associations===
In 1878 Jenkin made a contribution to [[public health]] with his pamphlet ''Healthy Houses''.<ref>F. Jenkin (1878) [https://archive.org/details/healthyhouses00jenkgoog Healthy Houses]</ref> "This was not a completely new interest, for sewerage systems were part of the degree course which he taught, and he had already contributed on the subject to the ''Sanitary Record''."<ref name=Cookson/>{{rp|165}}

The suggestion was made by [[William Fairbairn]] that house inspection by an association of competent individuals would protect homeowners from incompetent tradesmen and outline clearly work necessary for sanitary protection. Jenkin noted, "In respect of Domestic Sanitation the business of Engineer and that of the medical man overlap." With the assent of [[Robert Christison]], the concept took hold in Edinburgh and Saint Andrews, then in Newport, USA. The report by Alexander Fergusson<ref>Alexander Fergusson (1887) [https://books.google.com/books?id=Ee4aAgAAQBAJ&pg=PR159 Note on the Work of Fleeming Jenkin in connection with Sanitary Reform], page clix, ''Papers Literary, Scientific, &c of Fleeming Jenkin''</ref> noted two associations in London in 1882, and sixteen globally.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=qHQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA176 The Sanitary Record, March 18, 1878]</ref><ref>Ian H. Adams (1978) [https://books.google.com/books?id=GqquAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA193 The Making of Urban Scotland]</ref>

"Jenkin acted as [[consulting engineer]] to the association without pay, rather, as he explained it, like a hospital for the poor where a leading physician would give his services free. ... [The Sanitary Protection Association] was simple, pragmatic, popular – within a few months, there were five hundred subscribers in Edinburgh, and similar groups quickly formed in other British cities ..."<ref name=Cookson/>{{rp|165}}