Editing Forced displacement (section)

==== Examples of forced displacement caused by criminal activity ====

* Displacement in [[Mexico]] due to [[Drug cartel|cartel]] violence: Throughout Mexico, drug cartel, paramilitary, and self-defense group violence drives internal and external displacement.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.refugeesinternational.org/reports/2015/10/13/mexicos-unseen-victims|title=Mexico's Unseen Victims|website=Refugees International|access-date=2019-10-24}}</ref><ref name=":42"/> According to a comprehensive, mixed methodology study by Salazar and Álvarez Lobato, families fled their homes as a means of survival, hoping to escape homicide, extortion, and potential kidnapping. Using a collection of available data and existing studies, the total number of displaced persons between 2006 and 2012 was approximately 740 thousands.<ref name=":42"/>
*Displacement in [[Central America]] due to cartel/gang violence: A major factor behind US immigrant crises in the early 21st century (such as the [[2014 American immigration crisis|2014 immigrant crisis]]), rampant gang violence in the [[Northern Triangle of Central America|Northern Triangle]], combined with corruption and low economic opportunities, has forced many to flee their country in pursuit of stability and greater opportunity. Homicide rates in countries such as [[El Salvador]] and [[Honduras]] reached some of the highest in the world, with El Salvador peaking at [[List of countries by intentional homicide rate|103 homicides per 100,000 people]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last=Cantor|first=David James|date=2016|title=As deadly as armed conflict? Gang violence and forced displacement in the Northern Triangle of Central America|journal=Agenda Internacional|volume=23|issue=34|pages=77–97|doi=10.18800/agenda.201601.003|doi-access=free}}</ref> Contributing factors include extortion, territorial disputes, and forced gang recruitment, resulting in some estimates of approximately 500,000 people displaced annually.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":72"/><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jiménez|first=Everardo Víctor|date=2017-01-18|title=La violencia en el Triángulo Norte de Centroamérica: una realidad que genera desplazamiento|journal=Papel Político|volume=21|issue=1|pages=167|doi=10.11144/javeriana.papo21-1.vtnc|issn=2145-0617|doi-access=free}}</ref>
*Displacement in [[Colombia]] due to conflict and drug-related violence: According to researchers Mojica and Eugenia, Medellín, Colombia around 2013 exemplified crime and violence-induced forced displacement, standing as one of the most popular destinations for [[IDPs]] while also producing IDPs of its own. Rural citizens fled from organized criminal violence, with the majority pointing to direct threats as the main driving force, settling in Medellín in pursuit of safety and greater opportunity. Within Medellín, various armed groups battled for territorial control, forcing perceived opponents from their homes and pressuring residents to abandon their livelihoods, among other methods. All in all, criminal violence forced Colombians to abandon their possessions, way of life, and social ties in pursuit of safety.<ref>Sánchez Mojica, Beatriz Eugenia. 2013. “A City Torn Apart: Forced Displacement in Medellín, Colombia.” International Law, no. 22 (January): 179–210.</ref>