Editing Frequency modulation synthesis (section)

==== Expansions by Yamaha ====
Yamaha's engineers began adapting Chowning's algorithm for use in a commercial digital synthesizer, adding improvements such as the "key scaling" method {{citation needed span|to avoid the introduction of distortion that normally occurred in analog systems during [[frequency modulation]]|date=March 2023|reason="distortion that normally occurred in analog systems" is not common. One possibility, it may be the result of Exponential FM, and not related to the Linear FM normally used on digital.}}, though it would take several years before Yamaha released their FM digital synthesizers.<ref name="holmes_257-8">{{cite book|title=Electronic and experimental music: technology, music, and culture|first=Thom|last=Holmes|edition=3rd|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|year=2008|isbn=978-0-415-95781-6|chapter=Early Computer Music|pages=257–8|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hCthQ-bec-QC&pg=PA257|access-date=2011-06-04}}</ref> In the 1970s, Yamaha were granted a number of patents, under the company's former name "Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha", evolving Chowning's work.<ref name="patent" /> Yamaha built the first prototype FM [[digital synthesizer]] in 1974.<ref name="yamaha2014" /> Yamaha eventually commercialized FM synthesis technology with the Yamaha GS-1, the first FM digital synthesizer, released in 1980.<ref name="roads">{{cite book|title=The computer music tutorial|author=Curtis Roads|publisher=[[MIT Press]]|year=1996|isbn=0-262-68082-3|page=226|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZ-TetwzVcIC&pg=PA226|access-date=2011-06-05}}</ref> FM synthesis was the basis of some of the early generations of [[digital synthesizer]]s, most notably those from Yamaha, as well as New England Digital Corporation under license from Yamaha.<ref name="mixmag2006"/> 

[[File:YAMAHA DX7.jpg|thumb|Yamaha DX7 FM digital synthesizer (1983)]]

Yamaha's [[Yamaha DX7|DX7]] synthesizer, released in 1983, was ubiquitous throughout the 1980s. Several other models by Yamaha provided variations and evolutions of FM synthesis during that decade.<ref name="SoS80s">{{cite web|url=http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/sep01/articles/retrofmpt2.asp|title=Sounds of the '80s Part 2: The Yamaha DX1 & Its Successors (Retro)|author=Gordon Reid|date=September 2001|work=Sound on Sound|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917223333/http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/sep01/articles/retrofmpt2.asp|archive-date=17 September 2011|access-date=2011-06-29|df=dmy}}</ref>

Yamaha had patented its hardware implementation of FM in the 1970s,<ref name="patent"/> allowing it to nearly monopolize the market for FM technology until the mid-1990s.