Editing Friuli (section)

===Venetian domination to Bourbon restoration===
[[File:Udine-PiazzaLiberta.jpg|thumb|The Venetian-style [[Piazza Libertà]] in Udine. The city became ''de facto'' capital of Friuli.]]
The Patriarchate ended in 1420: surrounded by the powerful states of the [[Austrian Empire]], the [[Kingdom of Hungary]] and the [[Republic of Venice]], it was the theatre of a war between [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]] and [[Republic of Venice|Venice]], and was conquered by the latter. Friuli maintained some form of autonomy, by keeping its own Parliament ruling on the old territory of the Patriarchate, an autonomy not granted to the other cities and provinces submitted to Venice (even Venetian ones); on the other side, it maintained also its feudal nobility, which was able to keep their feudal rights over the land and its inhabitants for some time.

Friuli was the eastern border of the ''[[Stato da Tera]]'', and suffered both from [[Ottoman raids in Friuli|Ottoman raids]] and from the border wars with Austria. These wars led to poverty and instability of the rural population, with the inability to cultivate the land crossed by fighting armies and with the forced surrender of all livestock to feed traveling troops. The harvesting of timber needed to build Venetian ships caused complete deforestation of the [[Bassa Friulana]] and central Friuli. Venice took possession of collective farms belonging to rural Friulian communities, seriously impoverishing them.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}} These properties in turn would be sold by Venice during the 17th century to raise cash to alleviate its poor financial condition.

Beginning in the 1630s, the Venetian Republic entered a relative decline, due to the enlarging horizon of European markets (reaching now from Asia to Africa to the Americas). Venice's richest families often directed financial resources into unproductive investments (specifically real estate), while there was a loss of competitiveness in industries and services. Friuli was subject to increasing fiscal pressure, and its industries and commercial activities were affected.

[[File:FRIULI 1650 Ioannis Blaeu.png|275px|right|thumb|''Patria del Friuli'', 1650 map]]
According to some historians, the political populism practiced by Venice looked for ways to limit the most oppressive and anachronistic effects of [[feudalism]]. Other researchers assert that the Venetian aristocratic government maintained a most oppressive feudal condition in Friuli.{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}} These policies were practiced by the Venetian government to ensure the support of the urban and rural population as a counterbalance to the independent tendencies and power of local oligarchies and aristocrats.

An important [[jacquerie]], known as ''Joibe Grasse 1511'' ([[Friulan Revolt of 1511|Fat Thursday 1511]]), was started in Udine on February 27 by starving ''Udinesi'' citizens. They were subsequently joined by the farmers and the revolt spread to the whole territory of Friûl, against the feudal rule of some noble families; some other noble family, like the pro-Venetian Savorgnan, initially supported the revolters. This insurrection was one of the largest in Renaissance Italy and it lasted from 27 February until 1 March, when it ended as Venice dispatched around one hundred cavalry to put down the rebellion. The chiefs of the revolt were executed, but the feudal powers of the Friulian noblemen were reduced.

With the 1516 [[War of the League of Cambrai|Noyon pacts]] the boundary between the Venetian Republic and the [[County of Gorizia and Gradisca]], now in the hands of the [[House of Habsburg]],  were redefined. Venice lost the upper Isonzo valley (that is the Gastaldia of Tolmino with Plezzo and Idria), but it kept [[Monfalcone]], [[Marano Lagunare|Marano]] and a series of shed feudal islands in the Western Friuli stayed with the Archduke of Austria (until 1543). Between 1615 and 1617 Venice and Austria again fought for the possession of the fort of [[Gradisca d'Isonzo]]. The so-called War of Gradisca ended with a return to the ''status quo''.

Beginning in 1516 the [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg Empire]] controlled eastern Friuli, while western and central Friuli was Venetian. In 1797, the year of the [[Treaty of Campo Formio]], this part of the Friuli was surrendered to Austria. For a brief period from 1805 until the [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Bourbon Restoration]], Friuli belonged to the Italic Kingdom.