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Friulian language
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===Consonants=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- |+ Consonant phonemes in Central Friulian<ref name="iosad">Pavel Iosad, ''Final devoicing and vowel lengthening in the north of Italy: A representational approach'', Slides, Going Romance 24, December 10th 2010, Universiteit Leiden, Academia Lugduno Batava [http://www.slideshare.net/paveliosad/final-devoicing-and-vowel-lengthening-in-the-north-of-italy-a-representational-approach-8511021]</ref> ! colspan=2 | ! [[Labial consonant|Labial]] ! [[Dental consonant|Dental]]/<br/>[[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] ! [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]] ! [[Velar consonant|Velar]] |- ! colspan=2 | [[Nasal stop|Nasal]] | {{IPA link|m}} | {{IPA link|n}} | {{IPA link|ɲ}} | {{IPA link|ŋ|(ŋ)}} |- ! rowspan=2 | [[Plosive consonant|Plosive]] ! {{small|[[Voicelessness|voiceless]]}} | {{IPA link|p}} | {{IPA link|t̪|t}} | {{IPA link|c}} | {{IPA link|k}} |- ! {{small|[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}} | {{IPA link|b}} | {{IPA link|d̪|d}} | {{IPA link|ɟ}} | {{IPA link|ɡ}} |- ! rowspan=2 | [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]] ! {{small|[[Voicelessness|voiceless]]}} | | {{IPA link|ts}} | {{IPA link|tʃ}} | |- ! {{small|[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}} | | {{IPA link|dz}} | {{IPA link|dʒ}} | |- ! rowspan=2 | [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]] ! {{small|[[Voicelessness|voiceless]]}} | {{IPA link|f}} | {{IPA link|s}} | {{IPA link|ʃ|(ʃ)}} | |- ! {{small|[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}} | {{IPA link|v}} | {{IPA link|z}} | {{IPA link|ʒ|(ʒ)}} | |- ! colspan=2 | [[Trill consonant|Trill]] | | {{IPA link|r}} | | |- ! colspan=2 | [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]] | {{IPA link|w}} | {{IPA link|l}} | {{IPA link|j}} | |} Notes: * {{IPA|/m, p, b/}} are [[bilabial consonant|bilabial]], whereas {{IPA|/f, v/}} are [[labiodental consonant|labiodental]] and {{IPA|/w/}} is [[velarized|labiovelar]]. * Note that, in the standard language, a phonemic distinction exists between true palatal stops {{IPA|[c ɟ]}} and palatoalveolar affricates {{IPA|[tʃ dʒ]}}. The former (written {{angbr|cj gj}}) originate from Latin {{angbr|c g}} before {{angbr|a}}, whereas the latter (written {{angbr|c/ç z}}, where {{angbr|c}} is found before {{angbr|e}} and {{angbr|i}}, and {{angbr|ç}} is found elsewhere) originate primarily from Latin {{angbr|c g}} before {{angbr|e}} and {{angbr|i}}. The palatalization of Latin {{angbr|c}} and {{angbr|g}} before {{angbr|a}} is characteristic of the [[Rhaeto-Romance languages]] and is also found in [[French language|French]] and some [[Occitan language|Occitan]] varieties. In some Friulian dialects (e.g. Western dialects), corresponding to Central {{IPA|[c ɟ tʃ dʒ]}} are found {{IPA|[tʃ dʒ s z]}}. Note in addition that, due to various sound changes, these sounds are all now phonemic; note, for example, the minimal pair ''{{lang|fur|cjoc}}'' "drunk" vs. ''{{lang|fur|çoc}}'' "log".
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