Editing Gentoo Linux (section)

==Versions==
Gentoo follows a [[Rolling release|rolling release model]].

Like other Linux distributions, Gentoo systems have an <code>/etc/gentoo-release</code> file, but this contains the version of the installed <code>sys-apps/baselayout</code> package.

In 2004, Gentoo began to version its Live media by year rather than numerically. This continued until 2008, when it was announced that the 2008.1 Live CD release had been cancelled in favour of weekly automated builds of both Stages 3 and Minimal CDs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gentoo.org/news/20080922-releng-announcement.xml |title=Gentoo News – New release strategy to provide more current install media |publisher=Gentoo.org |date=2008-09-22 |access-date=2010-01-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100208123741/http://www.gentoo.org/news/20080922-releng-announcement.xml |archive-date=February 8, 2010 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> On December 20, 2008, the first weekly builds were published.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gentoo.org/news/20081220-releng-first-weekly-stage.xml |title=Gentoo News – First sets of weekly stage3 tarballs and minimal CDs released |publisher=Gentoo.org |date=2008-12-20 |access-date=2010-01-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100702230431/http://www.gentoo.org/news/20081220-releng-first-weekly-stage.xml |archive-date=July 2, 2010 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> In 2009, a special [[Live CD|Live DVD]] was created to celebrate the Gentoo 10-year anniversary.<ref name="10-years"/>

===Release media version history===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name
! Date
|-
| (Enoch Linux) 0.75 || {{dts|December 1999}}
|-
| pre-1.0 || {{dts|2000-07-26|format=mdy}}
|-
| 1.0<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.osnews.com/story/937|title=Review of Gentoo Linux 1.0|website=[[OSNews]]|access-date=April 20, 2020|archive-date=August 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807004352/https://www.osnews.com/story/937/|url-status=live}}</ref> || {{dts|2002-03-31|format=mdy}}
|-
| 1.1a || {{dts|2002-04-08|format=mdy}}
|-
| 1.2 || {{dts|2002-06-10|format=mdy}}
|-
| 1.4 || {{dts|2003-08-05|format=mdy}} (Gentoo Reference Platform introduced)
|-
| 1.4 maintenance release 1 || {{dts|2003-09-11|format=mdy}}{{Citation needed|date=January 2009}}
|-
| 2004.0<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/7438|title=Gentoo for All the Unusual Reasons|website=[[Linux Journal]]|access-date=June 23, 2018|archive-date=June 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623221932/https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/7438|url-status=live}}</ref> || {{dts|2004-03-01|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gentoo.org/news/en/gwn/20040301-newsletter.xml |title=Gentoo Linux Newsletter – March 1st, 2004 |publisher=Gentoo.org |access-date=2010-01-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102104412/http://www.gentoo.org/news/en/gwn/20040301-newsletter.xml |archive-date=January 2, 2010 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> (versioning changed to four releases a year)
|-
| 2004.1 || {{dts|2004-04-28|format=mdy}}
|-
| 2004.2 || {{dts|2004-07-26|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gentoo.org/proj/en/releng/release/2004.2/2004.2-press-release.txt |title=Today marks the release of Gentoo Linux 2004.2 for the AMD64, HPPA, SPARC and X86 architectures! |publisher=gentoo.org |date=2004-07-26 |access-date=2018-02-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224104108/http://www.gentoo.org//proj/en/releng/release/2004.2/2004.2-press-release.txt |archive-date=2014-12-24 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>
|-
| 2004.3 || {{dts|2004-11-15|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gentoo.org/news/en/gwn/20041115-newsletter.xml |title=Gentoo Linux Newsletter – November 15, 2004 |publisher=Gentoo.org |access-date=2010-01-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101223035338/http://www.gentoo.org/news/en/gwn/20041115-newsletter.xml |archive-date=December 23, 2010 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>
|-
| 2005.0<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20050509#1|title=Mini review: Gentoo Linux 2005.0|journal=[[DistroWatch]]|issue=99|date=May 9, 2005|access-date=June 23, 2018|archive-date=June 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623221953/https://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20050509#1|url-status=live}}</ref> || {{dts|2005-03-27|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gentoo.org/news/20050327-release-2005.0.xml |title=Gentoo Linux – Release Announcement: Gentoo Linux 2005.0 |publisher=Gentoo.org |date=2005-03-27 |access-date=2010-01-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090823075724/http://www.gentoo.org/news/20050327-release-2005.0.xml |archive-date=August 23, 2009 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> (versioning changed to semi-annual releases)
|-
| 2005.1<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.osnews.com/story/12129|title=A Slacker Tries His Hand at Gentoo|website=OSNews|access-date=April 20, 2020|archive-date=August 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806224329/https://www.osnews.com/story/12129/|url-status=live}}</ref> || {{dts|2005-08-08|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gentoo.org/news/20050808-annoncement-release-2005.1.xml |title=Gentoo Linux – Release Announcement: Gentoo Linux 2005.1 |publisher=Gentoo.org |date=2005-08-10 |access-date=2010-01-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224110613/http://www.gentoo.org/news/20050808-annoncement-release-2005.1.xml |archive-date=December 24, 2010 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>
|-
| 2005.1-r1 || {{dts|2005-11-21|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gentoo.org/news/20051121-release-2005.1-r1.xml |title=Gentoo Linux – Media Refresh: Gentoo Linux 2005.1-r1 |publisher=Gentoo.org |date=2005-11-21 |access-date=2010-01-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227012241/http://www.gentoo.org/news/20051121-release-2005.1-r1.xml |archive-date=February 27, 2009 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> (maintenance release 1)
|-
| 2006.0 || {{dts|2006-02-27|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gentoo.org/news/20060227-release-2006.0.xml |title=Gentoo Linux – Release Announcement: Gentoo Linux 2006.0 |publisher=Gentoo.org |date=2006-02-27 |access-date=2010-01-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227011629/http://www.gentoo.org/news/20060227-release-2006.0.xml |archive-date=February 27, 2009 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>
|-
| 2006.1 || {{dts|2006-08-30|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gentoo.org/news/20060830-release.xml |title=Gentoo Linux – Gentoo Linux 2006.1 – Unleashed |publisher=Gentoo.org |date=2006-08-30 |access-date=2010-01-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227015050/http://www.gentoo.org/news/20060830-release.xml |archive-date=February 27, 2009 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>
|-
| 2007.0 || {{dts|2007-05-07|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gentoo.org/news/20070507-release-2007.0.xml |title=Gentoo Linux – Gentoo Linux 2007.0 released |publisher=Gentoo.org |date=2007-05-07 |access-date=2010-01-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227013648/http://www.gentoo.org/news/20070507-release-2007.0.xml |archive-date=February 27, 2009 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>
|-
| 2008.0 || {{dts|2008-07-06|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gentoo.org/news/20080706-release-2008.0.xml |title=Gentoo Linux – Gentoo Linux 2008.0 released |publisher=Gentoo.org |date=2008-07-06 |access-date=2010-01-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100912194133/http://www.gentoo.org/news/20080706-release-2008.0.xml |archive-date=September 12, 2010 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>
|-
| Weekly Releases started<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gentoo.org/news/20080922-releng-announcement.xml |title=Gentoo Linux – New release strategy to provide more current install media |publisher=Gentoo.org |date=2008-09-22 |access-date=2010-01-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100208123741/http://www.gentoo.org/news/20080922-releng-announcement.xml |archive-date=February 8, 2010 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> || {{dts|2008-09-22}}
|}

====Special releases====
In 2009, a special Live DVD was released to celebrate Gentoo's tenth anniversary. Initially planned as a one-off, the Live DVD was updated to the latest package versions in 2011 due to its popularity among new users.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name
! Date/info
|-
| Unreal Tournament 2003 LiveCD || {{dts|2002-09-18|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://freshmeat.sourceforge.net/projects/gentoo-ut2k3demo |title=Unreal Tournament 2003 LiveCD |publisher=sourceforge.net |date=2003-04-13 |access-date=2018-02-10 |archive-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180211072132/http://freshmeat.sourceforge.net/projects/gentoo-ut2k3demo |url-status=live}}</ref> - Bootable NVIDIA GPU-accelerated [[Unreal Tournament 2003]] LiveCD, demoed at [[LinuxWorld Conference and Expo]] 2003.
|-
| 10.0 || {{dts|2009-10-04|format=mdy}}<ref name="10-years">{{cite web |url=https://www.gentoo.org/news/20091004-gentoo-10-years.xml |title=Gentoo Linux – Ten Years Compiling: 1999–2009 |publisher=Gentoo.org |date=2009-10-04 |access-date=2018-02-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222231552/https://www.gentoo.org/news/20091004-gentoo-10-years.xml |archive-date=December 22, 2014 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> (special edition Live DVD for the 10th anniversary)
|-
| 10.1 || {{dts|2009-10-10|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gentoo.org/news/20091023-livedvd-10.1-announcement.xml |title=Gentoo Ten Live DVD 10.1 Release |publisher=Gentoo.org |date=2009-10-23 |access-date=2014-10-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820152154/http://www.gentoo.org/news/20091023-livedvd-10.1-announcement.xml |archive-date=August 20, 2014 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> (Bugfix release of Special Live DVD)
|-
| 11.0 || {{dts|2011-04-08|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gentoo.org/news/20110308-livedvd.xml |title=Gentoo Linux - LiveDVD 11.0 |publisher=Gentoo.org |date=2011-03-08 |access-date=2014-10-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222015352/http://www.gentoo.org/news/20110308-livedvd.xml |archive-date=December 22, 2014 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> (Anniversary Live DVD is updated to latest package versions)
|-
| 12.0 || {{dts|2012-01-02|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gentoo.org/news/20120102-livedvd.xml |title=Gentoo Linux releases 12.0 LiveDVD |publisher=Gentoo.org |date=2012-01-02 |access-date=2014-10-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110170016/http://www.gentoo.org/news/20120102-livedvd.xml |archive-date=November 10, 2014 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>
|-
| 12.1 || {{dts|2012-04-01|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gentoo.org/news/20120401-livedvd.xml |title=Gentoo Linux releases 12.1 LiveDVD |publisher=Gentoo.org |date=2012-04-01 |access-date=2014-10-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141013063631/http://www.gentoo.org/news/20120401-livedvd.xml |archive-date=October 13, 2014 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> (With an April Fool's joke named "Install Wizard")
|-
| 20121221 || {{dts|2012-12-21|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gentoo.org/news/20121221-livedvd.xml |title=Gentoo Linux releases 20121221 LiveDVD - End Of World Edition |publisher=Gentoo.org |date=2012-12-21 |access-date=2014-10-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141003123703/http://www.gentoo.org/news/20121221-livedvd.xml |archive-date=October 3, 2014 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> (Live DVD - End Of World Edition)
|-
| 20140826 || {{dts|2014-08-26|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gentoo.org/news/20140826-livedvd.xml |title=Gentoo Linux releases the 20140826 LiveDVD - Iron Penguin Edition |publisher=Gentoo.org |date=2014-08-26 |access-date=2014-10-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010185011/http://www.gentoo.org/news/20140826-livedvd.xml |archive-date=October 10, 2014 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> (Live DVD - Iron Penguin Edition)
|-
| 20160514 || {{dts|2016-05-14|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:RelEng/LiveDVD/20160514 |title=Gentoo Linux releases the 20160514 LiveDVD - Choice Edition |publisher=Gentoo.org |date=2016-05-14 |access-date=2016-06-11 |archive-date=August 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801005216/https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:RelEng/LiveDVD/20160514 |url-status=live}}</ref> (Live DVD - Choice Edition; UEFI, ZFSOnLinux, and writable file systems using [[Aufs|AUFS]])
|-
| 20160704<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20160822#gentoo|title=Gentoo Linux live DVD "Choice Edition"|journal=DistroWatch|issue=675|date=August 22, 2016|access-date=June 23, 2018|archive-date=June 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623221931/https://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20160822#gentoo|url-status=live}}</ref> || {{dts|2016-07-04|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:RelEng/LiveDVD/20160704 |title=Gentoo Linux releases the 20160704 LiveDVD - Choice Edition Part Dos |publisher=Gentoo.org |date=2016-07-04 |access-date=2016-08-29 |archive-date=August 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801005340/https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:RelEng/LiveDVD/20160704 |url-status=live}}</ref> (Live DVD - Choice Edition Part Dos)
|}

===Profiles===

Although Gentoo does not have a concept of versioning the entire system, it does make use of "profiles", which define build configuration for all packages in the system. Major changes, such as changing the layout of how files are installed across the entire system, typically involve a profile upgrade and may require rebuilding all installed software. These profiles are versioned based on the year they were released, and include several variants for each release targeted towards different types of systems (such as [[Server (computing)|servers]] and [[Desktop computer|desktops]]). Profiles formerly tracked the versioning of install media, and switched to two-digit year naming after the discontinuation of versioned media. The following new profile versions have been released after 2008.0:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Version
! Date/info
|-
| 10.0 || {{dts|2009-08-06|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://archives.gentoo.org/gentoo-dev/message/a6a1edc89202d698e0c4ebe472a9e511 |title=New 10.0 profiles are in repository |date=2009-08-06 |access-date=2018-02-10 |archive-date=February 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212004922/https://archives.gentoo.org/gentoo-dev/message/a6a1edc89202d698e0c4ebe472a9e511 |url-status=live}}</ref> (cosmetic name change from 2008.0 profiles)
|-
| 13.0 || {{dts|2013-02-10|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gentoo.org/support/news-items/2013-02-10-new-13-profiles-server.html |title=New 13.0 profiles and deprecation of 10.0 profiles |date=2013-02-10 |access-date=2018-02-09 |archive-date=December 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222003308/https://www.gentoo.org/support/news-items/2013-02-10-new-13-profiles-server.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 17.0 || {{dts|2017-11-30|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gentoo.org/support/news-items/2017-11-30-new-17-profiles.html |title=New 17.0 profiles in the Gentoo repository |date=2017-11-30 |access-date=2018-02-09 |archive-date=December 22, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222002930/https://www.gentoo.org/support/news-items/2017-11-30-new-17-profiles.html |url-status=live}}</ref> ([[C++14]] and [[Position-independent code#Position-independent executables|PIE]] by default)
|-
| 17.1 || {{dts|2017-12-26|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gentoo.org/support/news-items/2017-12-26-experimental-amd64-17-1-profiles.html |title=Experimental amd64 17.1 profiles up for testing |date=2017-12-26 |access-date=2018-02-09 |archive-date=December 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222003035/https://www.gentoo.org/support/news-items/2017-12-26-experimental-amd64-17-1-profiles.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> (altered multilib layout for [[X86-64|amd64]] systems)
|-
| 23.0 || {{dts|2024-03-22|format=mdy}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gentoo.org/support/news-items/2024-03-22-new-23-profiles.html |title=Profile upgrade to version 23.0 available |date=2024-03-22 |access-date=2024-04-18 |archive-date=2024-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330122530/https://www.gentoo.org/support/news-items/2024-03-22-new-23-profiles.html}}</ref> (merged /usr became the default)
|}

===Hardened Gentoo===<!--Redirect target-->
Hardened Gentoo is a project designed to develop and designate a set of add-ons that are useful when a more security focused installation is required.<ref name="port1">{{cite web|url=http://www.seer.ufrgs.br/testeCPD/issue/viewFile/487/6|title=Hardening Linux Usando Controle de Acesso Mandatório|access-date=July 6, 2018|archive-date=July 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706050326/http://www.seer.ufrgs.br/testeCPD/issue/viewFile/487/6|url-status=live}}</ref> Previously, the project included patches to produce a hardened kernel, but these were discontinued. Other parts of the hardened set, such as [[SELinux]], and userspace hardening remain.<ref name="nohardkern">{{cite web|url=https://www.gentoo.org/news/2017/08/19/hardened-sources-removal.html|date=August 19, 2017|title=Hardened Linux kernel sources removal |website=Gentoo Linux|access-date=July 7, 2018|url-status=live|archive-date=January 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109055805/https://www.gentoo.org/news/2017/08/19/hardened-sources-removal.html|df=dmy-all}}</ref>