Editing Germ cell tumor (section)

==Prognosis==

Germ cell tumors are a heterogeneous group with prognosis specific to their subtype and location, but cure rates exceed 80%.<ref name=pmid9053482/> Advanced or metastatic germ cell tumors tend to be relatively responsive to chemotherapy compared to other types of cancer. Even for  metastatic non-seminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis, 10-year median overall survival is 70-90%.<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21482994/ | pmid=21482994 | date=2011 | last1=Olofsson | first1=S. E. | last2=Tandstad | first2=T. | last3=Jerkeman | first3=M. | last4=Dahl | first4=O. | last5=Ståhl | first5=O. | last6=Klepp | first6=O. | last7=Bremnes | first7=R. M. | last8=Cohn-Cedermark | first8=G. | last9=Langberg | first9=C. W. | last10=Laurell | first10=A. | last11=Solberg | first11=A. | last12=Stierner | first12=U. | last13=Wahlqvist | first13=R. | last14=Wijkström | first14=H. | last15=Anderson | first15=H. | last16=Cavallin-Ståhl | first16=E. | title=Population-based study of treatment guided by tumor marker decline in patients with metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumor: A report from the Swedish-Norwegian Testicular Cancer Group | journal=Journal of Clinical Oncology | volume=29 | issue=15 | pages=2032–2039 | doi=10.1200/JCO.2010.29.1278 }}</ref> In extragonadal GCTs, 5-year median overall survival ranges from 90% for extragonadal seminoma, to 17-70% for non-seminomatous tumors.<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12176779/ | pmid=12176779 | date=2002 | last1=Hartmann | first1=J. T. | last2=Nichols | first2=C. R. | last3=Droz | first3=J. P. | last4=Horwich | first4=A. | last5=Gerl | first5=A. | last6=Fossa | first6=S. D. | last7=Beyer | first7=J. | last8=Pont | first8=J. | last9=Kanz | first9=L. | last10=Einhorn | first10=L. | last11=Bokemeyer | first11=C. | title=Prognostic variables for response and outcome in patients with extragonadal germ-cell tumors | journal=Annals of Oncology | volume=13 | issue=7 | pages=1017–1028 | doi=10.1093/annonc/mdf176 }}</ref>

The 1997 International Germ Cell Consensus Classification<ref name=pmid9053482>{{cite journal | author = International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group | title = International Germ Cell Consensus Classification: a prognostic factor-based staging system for metastatic germ cell cancers. International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group | journal = Journal of Clinical Oncology | volume = 15 | issue = 2 | pages = 594–603 | date = February 1997 | pmid = 9053482 | doi = 10.1200/jco.1997.15.2.594 }}</ref> is a prognostic tool for estimating the risk of relapse after treatment of germ-cell tumor.

Access to appropriate treatment has a large effect on outcome. A 1993 study of outcomes in Scotland found that for 454 men with nonseminomatous (nongerminomatous) GCTs diagnosed between 1975 and 1989, five-year survival increased over time and with earlier diagnosis. Adjusting for these and other factors, survival was 60% higher for men treated in a cancer unit that treated the majority of these men, though the unit treated more men with the worst prognosis.<ref name=pmid8096954>{{cite journal | vauthors = Harding MJ, Paul J, Gillis CR, Kaye SB | title = Management of malignant teratoma: does referral to a specialist unit matter? | journal = Lancet | volume = 341 | issue = 8851 | pages = 999–1002 | date = April 1993 | pmid = 8096954 | doi = 10.1016/0140-6736(93)91082-W | s2cid = 29536953 }}</ref>