Editing Glass harmonica (section)

==Modern revival==
[[File:Glass Harmonica at Poncan Theatre.jpg|thumb|right|Dennis James plays the armonica at the Poncan Theatre in Ponca City, Oklahoma, on April 2, 2011.]]
Music for glass harmonica was rare from 1820 until the 1930s (although [[Gaetano Donizetti]] intended for the [[aria]] "[[Il dolce suono]]" from his 1835 opera ''Lucia di Lammermoor'' to be accompanied by a glass harmonica, and Richard Strauss specified use of the instrument in his 1919 opera ''Die Frau ohne Schatten''), when German virtuoso [[Bruno Hoffmann]] began revitalizing interest in his individual goblet instrument version that he named the glass harp for his stunning performances. Playing his "glass harp" (with Eisch manufactured custom designed glasses mounted in a case designed with underlying resonance chamber) he transcribed or rearranged much of the literature written for the mechanized instrument, and commissioned contemporary composers to write new pieces for his goblet version.

Franklin's glass harmonica design was reworked yet again without patent credit by master glassblower and musician, [[Gerhard Finkenbeiner|Gerhard B. Finkenbeiner]] (1930–1999) in 1984. After thirty years of experimentation, Finkenbeiner's imitative prototype consisted of clear glasses and glasses later equipped with gold bands mimicking late 18th-century designs. The historical instruments with gold bands indicated the equivalent of the black keys on the piano, simplifying the multi-hued painted bowl rims with white accidentals as specified by Franklin. Finkenbeiner Inc., of [[Waltham, Massachusetts|Waltham]], [[Massachusetts]], continues to produce versions of these instruments commercially {{as of|2014|lc=y}}, featuring glass elements made of scientific formulated fused-silica [[quartz]].<ref name=Rothstein>{{cite news|last1=Rothstein|first1=Edward|title=Playing on Glass|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/01/15/arts/music-notes-playing-on-glass.html|access-date=2014-07-03|work=New York Times|date=January 15, 1984}}</ref><ref name=GFI>{{cite web|title=Glass Harmonicas|url=http://finkenbeiner.com/GLASSHARMONICA.htm|website=G. Finkenbeiner Inc.|access-date=2014-07-03}}</ref><ref name=Wald>{{cite web|last1=Wald|first1=Elijah|title=Music of the Spheres: The Glass Harmonica|url=http://www.elijahwald.com/glasshar.html|website=Elijah Wald – Writer, Musician|access-date=2014-07-03}}</ref>

From 1989 on to now, Sascha Reckert, a German glass instrumentalist and glass instrument producer, restored and reproduced glass armonicas from the original using crystal glass with full bass range, required for the original compositions. He did the first performance with glass armonica of ''Lucia die Lammermoor'' (Munich state opera) and ''Frau ohne Schatten'' in a full scene production, and invented the Verrophon with glass tubes, with a more powerful sound. Reckert also produced the harmonicas of Dennis James, the Wiener Glasharmonikaduo, Martin Hilmer and others.

[[French people|French]] instrument makers and artists [[Baschet Brothers|Bernard and François Baschet]] invented a modern variation of the Chladni Euphone in 1952, the "crystal organ" or [[Cristal baschet|Cristal di Baschet]], which consists of up to 52 chromatically tuned resonating metal rods that are set into motion by attached glass rods that are rubbed with wet fingers. The Cristal di Baschet differs mainly from the other glass instruments in that the identical length and thickness glass rods are set horizontally, and attach to the tuned metal stems that have added metal blocks for increasing resonance. The result is a fully acoustic instrument, and impressive amplification obtained using fiberglass or metal cones fixed on wood and by a tall cut-out multi-resonant metal part in the shape of a flame. Some thin added metallic wires resembling cat whiskers are placed under the instrument, supposedly to increase the sound power of high-pitched frequencies.

[[Dennis James (musician)|Dennis James]] recorded an album of all glass music, ''Cristal: Glass Music Through the Ages'' co-produced by [[Linda Ronstadt]] and Grammy Award-winning producer [[John Boylan (record producer)|John Boylan]].<ref name=PCOLCrystal>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sonyclassical.com/music/89047/home.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061124165512/http://www.sonyclassical.com/music/89047/home.html|url-status=dead|title=Cristal - Glass Music Through the Ages|archivedate=November 24, 2006|website=www.sonyclassical.com}}</ref> James plays the glass harmonica, the Cristal di Baschet, and the [[Glass harp|Seraphim]] on the CD in original historical compositions and new arrangements for glass by [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]], [[Alessandro Scarlatti|Scarlatti]], Schnaubelt, and [[Gabriel Fauré|Fauré]]<ref name=PCOLCrystal /> and collaborates on the recording with the [[Emerson String Quartet]], operatic soprano [[Ruth Ann Swenson]], and Ronstadt.<ref name=PCOLCrystal /> James played glass instruments on Marco Beltrami's film scores for ''[[The Minus Man]]'' (1999) and ''[[The Faculty]]'' (1998).<ref name=PCOLRonstadt /> "I first became aware of glass instruments at about the age of 6 while visiting the [[Franklin Institute]] in [[Philadelphia]]. I can still recall being mesmerized by the appearance of the original [[Benjamin Franklin]] harmonica then on display in its own showcase in the entry rotunda of the city's famed science museum."<ref name=PCOLRonstadt>{{cite web|url=http://www.ronstadt-linda.com/djames.html|title=Dennis James interview- glass harmonica project / by Rich Bailey|website=www.ronstadt-linda.com|access-date=6 April 2018}}</ref> When Ronstadt joined [[Dolly Parton]] and [[Emmylou Harris]] to make the 1999 album ''[[Trio II]]'', Dennis James played the glass harmonica in their cover of "[[After the Gold Rush (song)|After the Gold Rush]]".<ref>{{cite web |title=Emmylou Harris, Linda Ronstadt, Dolly Parton - Trio II |url=https://www.discogs.com/Emmylou-Harris-Linda-Ronstadt-Dolly-Parton-Trio-II/master/201075 |website=Discogs |date=1999 |access-date=May 22, 2019}}</ref>

[[James Horner]] used a glass harmonica and [[pan flute]] for Spock's theme in the 1982 film ''[[Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://swashbuckler332.livejournal.com/695758.html|title=Monsters from the Id - "The Kobayashi Maru has set sail for the promised land."|access-date=April 18, 2012}}</ref> On February 23, 2007, the armonica was used by nu-metal band Korn while filming their session with MTV Unplugged. It was stated that it was of Benjamin Franklin's design.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTV_Unplugged_(Korn_album)|title = MTV Unplugged (Korn album)}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=January 2022}}