Editing Gothic architecture (section)

=== {{anchor|Late Gothic}}''Late Gothic'': ''flamboyant'' and ''perpendicular'' ===
{{see also|Flamboyant|Perpendicular Gothic}}
Central Europe began to lead the emergence of a new, international ''flamboyant'' style with the construction of a new cathedral at [[Prague]] (1344–) under the direction of [[Peter Parler]].<ref name=":1" /> This model of rich and variegated tracery and intricate reticulated rib-vaulting was definitive in the ''Late Gothic'' of continental Europe, emulated not only by the collegiate churches and cathedrals, but by urban parish churches which rivalled them in size and magnificence.<ref name=":1" /> The minster at [[Ulm]] and other parish churches like the Heilig-Kreuz-Münster at [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]] (''c''.1320–), [[St. Barbara's Church, Kutná Hora|St Barbara's Church]] at [[Kutná Hora]] (1389–), and the Heilig-Geist-Kirche (1407–) and [[St. Martin's Church, Landshut|St Martin's Church]] (''c''.1385–) in [[Landshut]] are typical.<ref name=":1" /> Use of [[ogee]]s was especially common.<ref name=":04"/>

[[File:Paris Sainte Chapelle du Chateau de Vincennes ancienne demeure royale Vers le Bois de Vincennes en France angle 3.JPG|thumb|right|[[Sainte-Chapelle de Vincennes]] (1370s)]]
The ''flamboyant'' style was characterised by the multiplication of the ribs of the vaults, with new purely decorative ribs, called tiercons and liernes, and additional diagonal ribs. One common ornament of ''flamboyant'' in France is the ''arc-en-accolade'', an arch over a window topped by a pinnacle, which was itself topped with [[Fleuron (architecture)|fleuron]], and flanked by other pinnacles. Examples of French ''flamboyant'' building include the west façade of [[Rouen Cathedral]], and especially the façades of [[Sainte-Chapelle de Vincennes]] (1370s) and choir [[Mont-Saint-Michel]]'s abbey church (1448).{{sfn|Renault|Lazé|2006|p=36}}

In England, ornamental rib-vaulting and tracery of ''Decorated Gothic'' co-existed with, and then gave way to, the ''perpendicular'' style from the 1320s, with straightened, orthogonal tracery topped with [[Fan vault|fan-vaulting]].<ref name=":04"/><ref name=":1" /> ''Perpendicular'' ''Gothic'' was unknown in continental Europe and unlike earlier styles had no equivalent in Scotland or Ireland.<ref name=":04"/><ref name=":4">{{Citation|title=Perpendicular|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199674985.001.0001/acref-9780199674985-e-3451|work=A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture|editor-last=Curl|editor-first=James Stevens|year=2015|edition=3rd|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en|doi=10.1093/acref/9780199674985.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-967498-5|access-date=2020-05-16|editor2-last=Wilson|editor2-first=Susan|archive-date=22 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522004358/https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199674985.001.0001/acref-9780199674985-e-3451|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> It first appeared in the cloisters and chapter-house ({{circa|1332}}) of [[Old St Paul's Cathedral]] in London by [[William Ramsey (architect)|William de Ramsey]].<ref name=":4" /> The chancel of [[Gloucester Cathedral]] ({{circa|1337}}{{Endash}}1357) and its latter 14th century cloisters are early examples.<ref name=":4" /> [[Four-centred arch]]es were often used, and lierne vaults seen in early buildings were developed into fan vaults, first at the latter 14th century chapter-house of [[Hereford Cathedral]] (demolished 1769) and cloisters at Gloucester, and then at [[Reginald Ely]]'s [[King's College Chapel, Cambridge]] (1446{{Endash}}1461) and the brothers [[William Vertue|William]] and [[Robert Vertue]]'s [[Henry VII Chapel]] ({{circa|1503}}{{Endash}}1512) at [[Westminster Abbey]].<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Citation|title=Ely, Reginald|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199674985.001.0001/acref-9780199674985-e-1660|work=A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture|year=2015|editor-last=Curl|editor-first=James Stevens|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en|doi=10.1093/acref/9780199674985.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-967498-5|access-date=2020-05-16|editor2-last=Wilson|editor2-first=Susan|archive-date=22 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522004355/https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199674985.001.0001/acref-9780199674985-e-1660|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|editor-last=Curl|editor-first=James Stevens|title=Vertue, Robert|date=2015-05-21|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199674985.001.0001/acref-9780199674985-e-4936|work=A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en|doi=10.1093/acref/9780199674985.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-967498-5|access-date=2020-05-16|editor2-last=Wilson|editor2-first=Susan|archive-date=22 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522004406/https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199674985.001.0001/acref-9780199674985-e-4936|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> ''Perpendicular'' is sometimes called ''Third Pointed'' and was employed over three centuries; the fan-vaulted staircase at [[Christ Church, Oxford]] built around 1640.<ref name=":04"/><ref name=":4" />

Lacey patterns of tracery continued to characterize continental Gothic building, with very elaborate and articulated vaulting, as at Saint Barbara's, Kutná Hora (1512).<ref name=":04"/> In certain areas, Gothic architecture continued to be employed until the 17th and 18th centuries, especially in provincial and ecclesiastical contexts, notably at [[Oxford]].<ref name=":04"/>