Editing Grammatical conjugation (section)

==== Ngayarta ====
[[Ngarla language|Ngarla]], a member of the [[Ngayarda languages|Ngayarda]] sub-family of languages has a binary conjugation system labelled:

* '''l''' class
* '''∅''' class

In the case of Ngarla, there is a notably strong correlation between conjugation class and transitivity, with transitive/ditransitive verbs falling in the '''l'''-class and intransitive/semi-transitive verbs in the '''∅-'''class.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
Example Verb Conjugations in [[Ngarla language|Ngarla]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Westerlund |first=Torbjörn |date=2017-07-03 |title=Verb Classification in Ngarla (Ngayarta, Pama-Nyungan) |journal=Australian Journal of Linguistics |volume=37 |issue=3 |pages=328–355 |doi=10.1080/07268602.2017.1298396 |issn=0726-8602 |s2cid=65180912}}</ref>
!Class
!Present
!Remote Past
!Past
!Past Continuous
!Habitual
!Future
!Speculative
!Purposive
!Optative
!Present Contrafactual
!Past Contrafactual
!Anticipatory
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''L'''
|<nowiki>-rri</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-rnta</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-rnu</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-yinyu</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-yirnta</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-n</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-mpi</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-lu</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-nmara</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-rrima</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-nmarnta</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-rnamarta</nowiki>
|-
|''jaa-rri''
|''jaa-rnta''
|''jaa-rnu''
|''jaa-yinyu''
|''jaa-yirnta''
|''jaa-n''
|''jaa-mpi''
|''jaa-lu''
|''jaa-nmara''
|''jaa-rrima''
|''jaa-nmarnta''
|''jaa-rnmarta''
|-
|is chopping
|chopped (long ago)
|chopped
|used to chop
|chops
|will chop
|could have chopped
|in order to chop
|ought to chop
|were ''x'' chopping
|had ''x'' chopped
|should ''x'' chop
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''<big>∅</big>'''
|<nowiki>-yan</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-rnta</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-nyu</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-yanu</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-yanta</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-Ø</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-mpi</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-kura</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-mara</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-yanma</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-marnta</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-nyamarta</nowiki>
|-
|''warni-yan''
|''warni-rnta''
|''warni-nyu''
|''warni-yanu''
|''warni-yanta''
|''warni-Ø''
|''warni-rnpi''
|''warni-kura''
|''warni-mara''
|''warni-yanma''
|''warni-marnta''
|''warni-nyamarta''
|-
|is falling
|fell (long ago)
|fell
|used to fall
|falls
|will fall
|could have fallen
|in order to fall
|ought to fall
|were ''x'' falling
|had ''x'' fallen
|should ''x'' fall
|}

These classes even extend to how verbs are nominalized as instruments with the '''l-'''class verb including the addition of an ''/l/'' before the nominalizing suffix and the blank class remaining blank:

'''l-class example:'''

{{Interlinear|Kunyjarta-lu mara ku-rnu parnu-nga warnta pirri-lpunyjarri, kurni-rnu kunyjarta kurri|Woman-ERG hand CAUS-PST 3SG-GEN stick dig-INS throw-PST woman teenager|‘(The) woman caused her digging stick to be in (the) hand (i.e. picked up her digging stick), (and) threw (it) at (the) girl.’}}

'''∅-class example<ref name=":0" />'''

{{Interlinear|Jarrari-punyjarri waa-n ngajapa pinurru ngaya nyali ja-lu|light-INS give-FUT 1SG.LOC fire 1SG.NOM light CAUS-PURP|‘(A) match (lit. something to light with) give on (i.e. to) me, (a) fire I intend to light.’}}