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Halogen lamp
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==Applications== [[File:Halogenlight.JPG|thumb|Medical halogen penlight to observe [[pupillary light reflex]]]] Halogen [[headlamp]]s are used in many automobiles. Halogen [[High-intensity discharge lamp|floodlights]] for outdoor lighting systems as well as for [[watercraft]] are also manufactured for commercial and recreational use. They are now also used in desktop lamps. Tungsten-halogen lamps are frequently used as a near-infrared light source in [[Infrared spectroscopy]]. Halogen lamps were used on the [[Times Square Ball]] from 1999 to 2006. However, from 2007 onward, the halogen lamps were replaced with [[Light-emitting diode|LEDs]], due to the much longer lifespan, about ten times longer for LED over incandescent.<ref name="NYE">{{cite web|title=Lighting New Year's Eve|url=https://www.usa.philips.com/c-m-li/times-square-ball|website=www.usa.philips.com|publisher=Philips|access-date=21 September 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160516015434/http://www.usa.philips.com/c%2Dm%2Dli/times%2Dsquare%2Dball|archive-date=16 May 2016}}</ref> The 'New Year' numerals that light up when the Times Square Ball reaches the base used halogen lighting for the last time for the 2009 ball drop.<ref>{{cite web|title=Times Square Alliance β New Year's Eve β 2010 Widgets|url=http://www.timessquarenyc.org/nye/2010numerals.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091230050454/http://www.timessquarenyc.org/nye/2010numerals.html|archive-date=2009-12-30}}</ref> ===Heating=== Halogen lamps are the heating-elements in [[halogen oven]]s, [[infrared heater]]s and ceramic [[cooktop]]s. Low wattage halogen lamp arrays are widely used by [[monitor lizard]] keepers. Two or three small halogen lamps can produce all the heat needed in an enclosure and are recognized by the animals as sources of heat preventing curious individuals from attempting to touch them. Halogen lamps' thick glass lenses are safe to use inside high humidity reptile enclosures. Banks of powerful tubular halogen lamps were used to simulate the heat of [[reentry|re-entry]] of [[space vehicle]]s.<ref name="REV01">Raymond Kane, Heinz Sell, ''Revolution in Lamps: A Chronicle of 50 Years of Progress, Second Edition'', 2001 The Fairmount Press, {{ISBN|0-88173-351-2}} pp. 72-74</ref> ===General lighting === [[File:PH 2.jpg|thumb|A 150W Halogen floodlight]] Fixed-mount lamps are used in indoor and outdoor flood lighting, although improvements in LED systems are displacing halogen lamps. Round spotlights with built-in [[multifaceted reflector]] lamps are widely used in residential and commercial lighting. Tubular halogen lamps provide a large quantity of light from a small source and so can be used to produce powerful flood lamps for architectural lighting effects, or for lighting large areas outdoors. Low voltage lamps use the GU5.3 and similar [[Bi-pin lamp base|bi-pin bases]], whereas mains voltage lamps use the same caps as normal mains tungsten filament lamps, or a special GU10/GZ10 base. The GU10/GZ10 bases are shaped to prevent [[dichroic]] reflector lamps being used in [[light fixture|luminaires]] intended for aluminised reflector lamps, which could cause overheating of the fitting. Higher efficiency LED versions of all of these lamps are now available. Tubular lamps with electrical contacts at each end are now being used in standalone lamps and household fixtures. These come in various lengths and power ratings (50β300 W). More powerful lamps are used as portable work lights, with bulbs rated 250 or 500 watts. ===Stage lighting=== Tungsten halogen lamps are used in the majority of theatrical and studio (film and television) fixtures, including [[Ellipsoidal reflector spotlight]]s, [[Source Four]], and [[Fresnel lantern|Fresnels]]. [[Parcan|PAR Cans]] are also predominantly tungsten halogen. ===Specialized=== [[Projector|Projection]] lamps are used in [[Movie projector|motion-picture]] and [[slide projector]]s for homes and small office or school use. The compact size of the halogen lamp permits a reasonable size for portable projectors, although heat-absorbing filters must be placed between the lamp and the film to prevent melting. Halogen lamps are sometimes used for inspection lights and microscope stage illuminators. Halogen lamps were used for early flat-screen LCD [[backlight]]ing, but other types of lamps such as [[Fluorescent lamp|CCFL]] and now [[Light-emitting diode|LED]] are used. Halogen lamps are used as the heating element in the fuser of many types of [[Laser printing|laser printers]]. The long tubular lamp heats the fuser roller from the inside, and the heat melts the toner onto the paper.
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