Editing Hereditary multiple exostoses (section)

==Treatment==
The indications for surgical intervention in individuals with HMO vary across the medical literature. In general surgical treatment of HMO includes one or more of the following procedures: ostechondroma excision, gradual or acute bone lengthening such as the ulna lengthening, corrective osteotomies, temporary hemiepiphysiodesis to correct angular joint deformities such as distal radius hemiepiphysiodesis and medial distal tibial hemiepiphysiodesis.<ref name=elsobky2018/><ref name="Genereviews"/>  The success of surgery is not well-correlated with specific patient or disease characteristics, making it challenging to predict who will benefit most from intervention. Surgery may be most appropriate for patients with severe functional impairments, pain, or progressive deformities.<ref name="elsobky2018"/><ref name="refmakhdom"/>  To enhance the amount of evidence in the medical literature certain recommendations have been put forward. The construction of well-designed prospective studies that can provide a more clear relationship between surgical procedures, patient characteristics and outcomes is on high demand. Otherwise, following the current study designs will continue to raise more questions than answers.<ref name=elsobky2018/><ref name=refmakhdom/> Total hip arthroplasty has been used to remedy severe and painful HMO of the hip joint. Total hip arthroplasty in individuals with HMO is challenging because of distortion of anatomy and repeated surgeries performed to address complaints related to exostosis.<ref name=Vaishya2015>{{cite journal | vauthors = Vaishya R, Swami S, Vijay V, Vaish A | title = Bilateral total hip arthroplasty in a young man with hereditary multiple exostoses | journal = BMJ Case Reports | volume = 2015 | pages = bcr2014207853 | date = January 2015 | pmid = 25564594 | pmc = 4289752 | doi = 10.1136/bcr-2014-207853 }}</ref>