Editing Integer BASIC (section)

===Graphics and sound===
When launched, the only [[game controller]] for the Apple was the [[paddle controller]], which had two controllers on a single connector. The position of the controller could be read using the {{code|PDL}} function, passing in the controller number, 0 or 1, like {{code|A{{=}}PDL(0):PRINT A|basic}}, returning a value between 0 and 255.{{sfn|Raskin|1978|p=36}}{{efn|The manual suggests, but does not outright state, that the actual range of values is less than 0 to 255.{{sfn|Raskin|1978|p=36}}}}

The Apple machines did not include dedicated sound hardware, only a simple "beeper". Producing sounds was accomplished by {{code|PEEK}}ing the memory-mapped location of the speaker, -16336.{{efn|The negative number is a side-effect of the integers being stored in signed format, so any memory location over 32767 appeared as a negative value in BASIC.{{sfn|Mini|1977|p=18}}}} Repeatedly PEEKing that value produced tones, and the manual suggested using a mathematical expression to do this, like {{code|S{{=}}PEEK(-16336)-PEEK(-16336)-PEEK(-16336)-PEEK(-16336)-PEEK(-16336)|basic}}.{{sfn|Raskin|1978|p=84}}

Support for graphics was more detailed. Graphics mode was turned on with the {{code|GR}} statement and off with {{code|TEXT}}.{{sfn|Raskin|1978|p=31}} Drawing was modal and normally started by issuing a command to change the color, which was accomplished by setting a pseudo-variable; {{code|COLOR{{=}}12}} would set the drawing color to 12, light green. One could then {{code|PLOT 10,10}} to produce a single spot of that color,{{sfn|Raskin|1978|p=32}} {{code|HLIN 0,39 AT 20}} to draw a horizontal line at row 20 that spanned the screen, or {{code|VLIN 5,15 AT 7}} to draw a shorter vertical line down column 7.{{sfn|Raskin|1978|p=33}} {{code|A{{=}}SCRN X,Y}} returned the color of the screen at X,Y.{{sfn|Raskin|1978|p=120}}{{efn|Note the odd syntax of the SCRN, which is technically a function because it returns a value, but does not use function-like syntax which would be {{code|A{{=}}SCRN(X,Y)}}.}}