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Interstate Highway System
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===Opposition, cancellations, and removals=== {{more citations needed section|date=March 2015}} {{main|Highway revolts in the United States}} [[File:Interstate_81_elevated_syracuse_E_Genesee_St.jpg|thumb|right|300px|alt=Photograph of Interstate 81, carried on an aging viaduct through the middle of Syracuse, New York|The fervor of [[urban renewal]] led to the routing of [[Interstate 81 in New York|Interstate 81]] through the middle of [[Syracuse, New York|Syracuse's]] 15th Ward in the 1960s. The viaduct is now slated for demolition.<ref name=WalkerCurbed>{{cite news|last=Walker|first=Alissa|title=About Time: Syracuse's I-81 Is Finally Being Demolished|url=https://www.curbed.com/2022/01/hochul-syracuse-highway-removal-i-81.html|date=2022|work=Curbed|archive-date=March 29, 2024|access-date=March 29, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329141055/https://www.curbed.com/2022/01/hochul-syracuse-highway-removal-i-81.html|url-status=live}}</ref>]] Political opposition from residents canceled many freeway projects around the United States, including: * [[Interstate 40 in Tennessee|I-40]] in Memphis, Tennessee was rerouted and part of the original I-40 is still in use as the eastern half of [[Sam Cooper Boulevard]].<ref>{{harvp|ps=.|McNichol|2006a|pp=159–160}}</ref> * [[Interstate 66|I-66]] in the [[District of Columbia]] was abandoned in 1977. * [[Interstate 69|I-69]] was to continue past its terminus at Interstate 465 to intersect with [[Interstate 70]] and [[Interstate 65]] at the north split, northeast of downtown [[Indianapolis]]. Though local opposition led to the cancellation of this project in 1981, bridges and ramps for the connection into the "north split" remained until it was rebuilt in 2023. * [[Interstate 70 in Maryland|I-70]] in [[Baltimore]] was supposed to run from the Baltimore Beltway ([[Interstate 695 in Maryland|Interstate 695]]), which surrounds the city to terminate at [[I-95]], the East Coast thoroughfare that runs through Maryland and Baltimore on a diagonal course, northeast to southwest; the connection was cancelled on the mid-1970s due to its routing through [[Gwynns Falls Leakin Park|Gwynns Falls-Leakin Park]], a wilderness urban park reserve following the [[Gwynns Falls]] stream through West Baltimore. This included the cancellation of [[Interstate 170 (Maryland)|I-170]], partially built and in use as US 40, and nicknamed the Highway to Nowhere. The freeway stub of I-70 inside the Beltway was renumbered MD 570 in 2014, but continues to bear I-70 signs. * [[Interstate 78 in New York|I-78]] in New York City was canceled along with portions of [[Interstate 278|I-278]], [[Interstate 478|I-478]], and [[Interstate 878|I-878]]. I-878 was supposed to be part of I-78, and I-478 and I-278 were to be spur routes. * [[Interstate 80 in California|I-80]] in San Francisco was originally planned to travel past the city's Civic Center along the Panhandle Freeway into [[Golden Gate Park]] and terminate at the original alignment of [[Interstate 280 (California)|I-280]]/[[California State Route 1|SR 1]]. The city canceled this and several other freeways in 1958. Similarly, more than 20 years later, Sacramento canceled plans to upgrade I-80 to Interstate Standards and rerouted the freeway on what was then I-880 that traveled north of Downtown Sacramento. * [[Interstate 83|I-83]], southern extension of the [[Jones Falls Expressway]] (southern [[I-83]]) in [[Baltimore]] was supposed to run along the waterfront of the [[Patapsco River]] / [[Helen Delich Bentley Port of Baltimore|Baltimore Harbor]] to connect to [[Interstate 95 in Maryland|I-95]], bisecting historic neighborhoods of [[Fells Point, Baltimore|Fells Point]] and [[Canton, Baltimore|Canton]], but the connection was never built. * [[Interstate 84 (Pennsylvania-Massachusetts)|I-84]] in [[Connecticut]] was once planned to fork east of Hartford, into an [[Interstate 84 (Pennsylvania–Massachusetts)|I-86]] to Sturbridge, Massachusetts, and I-84 to Providence, R.I. The plan was cancelled, primarily because of anticipated impact on a major Rhode Island reservoir. The I-84 designation was restored to the highway to Sturbridge, and other numbering was used for completed Eastern sections of what had been planned as part of I-84. * [[Interstate 95 in Maryland|I-95]] through the [[District of Columbia]] into [[Maryland]] was abandoned in 1977. Instead it was rerouted to [[Interstate 495 (Capital Beltway)|I-495 (Capital Beltway)]]. The completed section is now [[Interstate 395 (Virginia–District of Columbia)|I-395]]. * [[Interstate 95 in Massachusetts|I-95]] was originally planned to run up the [[Southwest Corridor (Massachusetts)|Southwest Expressway]] and meet [[Interstate 93|I-93]], where the two highways would travel along the [[Central Artery]] through downtown [[Boston]], but was rerouted onto the [[Massachusetts State Highway 128|Route 128]] beltway due to widespread opposition. This revolt also included the cancellation of the [[Interstate 695 (Massachusetts)|Inner Belt]], connecting I-93 to [[Massachusetts Turnpike|I-90]] and a cancelled section of the [[U.S. Route 3|Northwest Expressway]] which would have carried [[U.S. Route 3|US 3]] inside the Route 128 beltway, meeting with [[Massachusetts Route 2|Route 2]] in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]]. In addition to cancellations, removals of freeways are planned: * [[Interstate 81 in New York|I-81]] in [[Syracuse, New York]], which bisects the city's 15th Ward neighborhood, is planned to be torn down and replaced with a [[boulevard]] that accommodates pedestrians.<ref name=WalkerCurbed /><ref name=ZarroliNYT>{{cite news|last=Zarroli|first=Jim|work=New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/03/nyregion/syracuse-interstate-81.html|date=2023|title=Why It's So Hard to Tear Down a Crumbling Highway Nearly Everyone Hates}}</ref> Freeway traffic would be rerouted along [[I-481]].<ref name=ZarroliNYT />
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