Editing Kirtan (section)

==Sikhism==
{{Main|Shabad kirtan}}
[[File:Watercolour painting of the interior of the Golden Temple in Amritsar, by William Carpenter, circa 1854.webp|thumb|Painting of kirtan in the [[Golden Temple]] of [[Amritsar]]]]
[[file:Photograph of Bhai Jawala Singh Ragi playing accordion (vaaja), Bhai Gurcharn Singh on Jori, and Bhai Avtar Singh on Taus at Gurdwara Dehra Sahib, Lahore, ca.1935.jpg|thumb|Bhai Jawala Singh Ragi playing [[Indian harmonium|harmonium]], Bhai Gurcharn Singh on [[Jori (instrument)|Jori]], and Bhai Avtar Singh on [[Taus (instrument)|Taus]] at [[Gurdwara Dera Sahib|Gurdwara Dehra Sahib]], [[Lahore]], 1935]]

''Kirtan'' ([[Gurmukhi]]: ਕੀਰਤਨ ''Kīratana'') refers to devotional singing in [[Sikhism]].<ref name="JacobsenMyrvold2012p112"/><ref>{{cite book|author=Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair|title=Sikhism: A Guide for the Perplexed|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vdhLAQAAQBAJ |year=2013|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-4411-0231-7 |pages=24}}</ref> It is typically performed at [[Gurdwaras]] (Sikh temples). Sikh scriptures and legends are usually recited in a song, to a certain ''[[raga]]'' and accompanied with musical instruments. The Gurus themselves created numerous musical instruments including the [[Taus (instrument)|Taus]], the [[Sarangi]], the [[Sarinda (instrument)|Saranda]] and a modification of the [[Pakhawaj]] (called [[Jori (instrument)|Jori]]) creating an early form of the [[Tabla]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Sikh sacred music|date=1967|publisher=Sikh Sacred Music Society|page=63|location=Oxon}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Narayan|first1=Badri|title=Culture and Emotional Economy of Migration|date=2017|publisher=Routledge|page=75|edition=First}}</ref>

A ''Shabad Kirtan'' refers to the musical recitation of the [[Guru Granth Sahib]], the primary scripture in the Sikhism tradition which is arranged according to ''[[raga]]''.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Knut A. Jacobsen|author2=Kristina Myrvold|title=Sikhs Across Borders: Transnational Practices of European Sikhs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HtrWKPWBEXEC |year=2012|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=978-1-4411-7087-3 |page=113}}</ref> ''Shabad Kirtan'' can be listened to silently or sung along with the gathered congregation.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Anand|first1=Balwant|title=Guru Nanak His Life was his Message: a Biography|date=1983|publisher=Guru Nanak Foundation|page=224}}</ref><ref name="JacobsenMyrvold2012p112" />

''Kirtan'' in Sikh history has been the musical analog of ''Kathas'' recitation, both preferably performed by ''ragi jatha'', or professional trained performers.<ref name="JacobsenMyrvold2012p112">{{cite book|author1=Knut A. Jacobsen|author2=Kristina Myrvold|title=Sikhs Across Borders: Transnational Practices of European Sikhs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HtrWKPWBEXEC |year=2012|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=978-1-4411-7087-3 |pages=112–114}}</ref> A Sikh Kirtan is a religious, aesthetic and social event, usually held in a congregational setting on Sundays or over certain festivals to honor the historical Gurus, but major temples in the Sikh tradition recite ''Kirtan'' every day as a mark of daily [[bhakti]] (devotional remembrance) of God's name.<ref name="JacobsenMyrvold2012p112" /> 

This congregational setting is called a ''Sangat'' or ''Satsang'', a word that in ancient Indian texts means "like minded individuals, or fellow travelers on a spiritual journey".<ref>{{cite book|author=Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair|title=Sikhism: A Guide for the Perplexed|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vdhLAQAAQBAJ |year=2013|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-4411-0231-7 |pages=30–31}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Frisk |first=Liselotte |year=2002 |title=The Satsang Network |journal=Nova Religio |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=64–85 |doi=10.1525/nr.2002.6.1.64 |url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-31618}}</ref>