Editing Knights of the Round Table (section)

=== Calogrenant ===
[[File:Blason Calogrenant.svg|thumb|left|upright|The attributed arms of Calogrenant]]

'''Calogrenant''', sometimes known in English as '''Colgrevance''' and in German (''[[Diu Crône]]'') as '''Kalogrenant''', among many other variants (including ''Calogrenan[s/z]'', ''Calogrevant'', ''Calogrinant'', ''Colgrevaunce'', ''Galogrinans'', ''Kalebrant'', ''Kalocreant'', ''Qualogrenans''), is a Knight of the [[Round Table]] and cousin to [[Yvain]]. His character has been derived from the [[Welsh mythology|Welsh mythological]] hero [[Cynon ap Clydno]], usually the lover of [[Owain mab Urien]]'s sister [[Morvydd]]; although in ''[[Owain, or the Lady of the Fountain]]'', Cynon is stated to be the son of Clydno, possibly connected to [[Clyddno Eiddin]]. [[Roger Sherman Loomis]] and some other scholars speculated that Calogrenant was used specifically as a foil for [[Sir Kay|Kay]] in some lost early version of Yvain's story. The 12th-century author [[Chrétien de Troyes]] characterized him as everything Kay is not: polite, respectful, eloquent, and well-mannered. By this theory, his name can be deconstructed to "Cai lo grenant", or "Cai the grumbler", which would represent another opposite characteristic of Kay, who was famous for his bitter sarcasm.<ref name="rl">{{cite book |last=Loomis |first=Roger |title=Arthurian Tradition and Chretien De Troyes |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=1949}}</ref>

Calogrenant first appears in Chrétien's ''[[Yvain, the Knight of the Lion]]'', telling a story to a group of knights and [[Queen Guinevere]]. He describes an adventure he had in the forest of [[Brocéliande]], in which there was a magic spring that could summon a large storm. Calogrenant reached the spring and summoned the storm, after which a knight named [[Esclados]] attacked and defeated him. Yvain is upset that Calogrenant never told him of this defeat, and sets out to avenge him, embarking on the adventure that sets up the remainder of events in the romance.

Calogrenant appears later in the ''[[Lancelot-Grail]]'' cycle, though his kinship to Yvain is not as clear as in Chrétien. He dies during the [[Grail Quest]] while trying to keep [[Sir Lionel|Lionel]] from killing his own brother, [[Bors]]. Bors had faced a dilemma over whom to rescue between Lionel, who was getting beaten with thorns by two rogue knights, and a maiden who had just been abducted, and chose the maiden over his brother. Lionel was not pleased by this, and attacked Bors the next time he saw him. A hermit tried to intervene, but was killed accidentally in the process, and Calogrenant stepped in. Bors refuses fight his brother, who slays Calogrenant before attacking Bors; however, God intervenes and renders him immobile. [[Thomas Malory]] calls him Colgrevance and recounts his death at Lionel's hands in ''[[Le Morte d'Arthur]]'', but also includes another one later in the narrative. Despite having died on the Grail quest, Colgrevance reappears as one of the twelve knights who help [[Agravaine]] and [[Mordred]] trap [[Lancelot]] and Guinevere together in the queen's chambers. Lancelot has neither armour nor weapons, but manages to pull Colgrevance into the room and kills him; he then uses Colgrevance's sword to defeat the rest of Mordred's companions.

<gallery>
File:BN-MS-fr1433-folio65-Yvain-Calogrenant-fontaine.png|Calogrenant at the fountain in the BN MS fr.1433 manuscript of ''Yvain'' (c. 1325)
File:Dante Gabriel Rossetti - Sir Launcelot in the Queen's Chamber - Google Art Project.jpg|Malory-inspired ''Sir Launcelot in the Queen's Chamber'' by [[Dante Gabriel Rossetti]] (1857)
</gallery>