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Language transfer
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==Broader effects== With sustained or intense contact between native and non-native speakers, the results of language transfer in the non-native speakers can extend to and affect the speech production of the native-speaking community. For example, in North America, speakers of English whose first language is Spanish or French may have a certain influence on native English speakers' use of language when the native speakers are in the minority. Locations where this phenomenon occurs frequently include [[Québec]], [[Canada]], and predominantly Spanish-speaking regions in the US. For details on the latter, see the [[:Image:Map-Hispanophone World.png|map of the Hispanophone world]] and the [[list of U.S. communities with Hispanic majority populations]]. The process of translation can also lead to the so-called hybrid text, which is the mixing of language either at the level of linguistic codes or at the level of cultural or historical references.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Handbook of Translation Studies, Volume 2|last1=Gambier|first1=Yves|last2=van Doorslaer|first2=Luc|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company|year=2011|isbn=9789027203328|location=Philadelphia, PA|pages=49}}</ref>
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