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Laterality
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===In birds=== [[Parrot]]s tend to favor one foot when grasping objects (for example fruit when feeding). Some studies indicate that most parrots are left footed.<ref>Zeigler, H. Phillip & Hans-Joachim Bischof, eds. ''Vision, Brain, and Behavior in Birds.'' Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1993. 239.</ref> The [[Australian magpie]] (''Gymnorhina tibicen'') uses both left-eye and right-eye laterality when performing anti-predator responses, which include [[Mobbing (animal behavior)|mobbing]]. Prior to withdrawing from a potential predator, Australian magpies view the animal with the left eye (85%), but prior to approaching, the right eye is used (72%). The left eye is used prior to jumping (73%) and prior to circling (65%) the predator, as well as during circling (58%) and for high alert inspection of the predator (72%). The researchers commented that "mobbing and perhaps circling are agonistic responses controlled by the LE[left eye]/right hemisphere, as also seen in other species. Alert inspection involves detailed examination of the predator and likely high levels of fear, known to be right hemisphere function."<ref>{{cite journal|author=Koboroff, A., Kaplan, G. and Rogers, L.J.|year=2008|title=Hemispheric specialization in Australian magpies (Gymnorhina tibicen) shown as eye preferences during response to a predator|journal=Brain Research Bulletin|volume=76|issue=3|pages=304β306|doi=10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.02.015|pmid=18498946|s2cid=20559048|url=http://e-publications.une.edu.au/1959.11/3059|url-access=subscription}}</ref> [[Yellow-legged gull]] (''Larus michahellis'') chicks show laterality when reverting from a supine to prone posture, and also in pecking at a dummy parental bill to beg for food. Lateralization occurs at both the population and individual level in the reverting response and at the individual level in begging. Females have a leftward preference in the righting response, indicating this is sex dependent. Laterality in the begging response in chicks varies according to laying order and matches variation in egg [[androgen]]s concentration.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Romano, M., Parolini, M., Caprioli, M., Spiezio, C., Rubolini, D. and Saino, N.|year=2015|title=Individual and population-level sex-dependent lateralization in yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis) chicks|journal=Behavioural Processes|volume=115|pages=109β116|doi=10.1016/j.beproc.2015.03.012|pmid=25818662|s2cid=40189333}}</ref>
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