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Lida
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== Jewish community == [[Jews]] first settled in Lida in the middle of the 16th century, and permission to construct a [[synagogue]] was granted by King [[Stefan Batory]] in 1579. The temple was decimated and rebuilt with the permission of King [[Wladyslaw Vasa]] in 1630, among the city's notable rabbis at the time were [[David ben Aryeh Leib|Rabbi David ben Aryeh Leib]] and his son Pethahiah ben David. By 1817, the Jewish Community numbered 567, nearly three-quarters of the total population of the city. Lida had a particularly-sightly brick synagogue.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Школьная улица и синагога |url=http://www.eilatgordinlevitan.com/lida/lida_pix/front/042208_89_b.gif |access-date=20 May 2025 |website=www.eilatgordinlevitan.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org/Lida-District/lida-city/lida1917.htm |title=Lida |publisher=Shtetlinks.jewishgen.org |date=1917-09-21 |access-date=2013-03-19 |archive-date=2011-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605132257/http://www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org/Lida-District/lida-city/lida1917.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Ghetto Lida a01.jpg|thumb|left|Holocaust memorial]] During the [[First World War]], the [[German Army (German Empire)|German army]] captured Lida on 26 September 1915, and both Jews and non-Jews were forced into labour. Soon after the German Occupation ceased in winter 1918, [[Bolsheviks]] entered the city and created a strong sense of the Revolution. On 17 April 1919, [[Polish people|Polish]] soldiers entered Lida and committed a [[pogrom]], killing 39 Jews. Lida was captured by the Red Army on 17 July 1920 but was retaken by Polish troops on 29 September 1920. After the [[Peace of Riga]], it was passed to Poland and became powiat (county) centre in [[Nowogródek Voivodeship (1919-1939)|Nowogródek Voivodeship]]. The interwar period was a short period of economic growth for the Jewish community. All aspects flourished, and there were 12 fully functioning synagogues. In 1931, the Jewish population grew to 6,335, and at the dawn of the Holocaust, refugees increased the number to nearly 8,500. In the fall of 1939, the [[Red Army]] moved in and annexed Lida to the [[Baranavichy Region]] of [[Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic|Byelorussian SSR]], part of the [[Soviet Union]] on 19 September 1939. Under Soviet rule cultural aspects of the Jewish community were diminished. On 27 June 1941, the Germans severely damaged the city, and by December, a [[Lida Ghetto|ghetto]] was created on the suburbs of Lida in which several families ended up crowding into a single home. On 7 May 1942, the ghetto was sealed, and the next day, nearly 6,000 were taken to a military firing range, where they were shot and piled in ready-made grave pits.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Murder Story of Lida Jews at the Former Military Barracks near Lida |url=https://collections.yadvashem.org/en/untold-stories/killing-site/14627594 |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=@yadvashem |language=en}}</ref> About 1,500 educated Jews remained in the ghetto, and the population was added to by incoming refugees. A few groups secretly escaped the city and hid in the forests until the city was liberated on 9 July 1944, but the rest of the community was murdered on 18 September 1943. It was passed to the new [[Grodno Region]] in 1944.
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