Editing Maranao language (section)

==== Hard consonants and vowel raising ====
Since 2009, it has been proposed that previous studies on the phonology of Maranao had overlooked the presence of "heavy" consonants,<ref name="Lobel and Riwarung 2009b"/><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lobel |first=Jason William |last2=Riwarung |first2=Labi Hadji Sarip |date=2011 |title=Maranao: A Preliminary Phonological Sketch With Supporting Audio |journal=Language Documentation & Conservation |language=en |volume=5 |pages=31–59 |hdl-access=free |hdl=10125/4487}}</ref><ref name="Lobel 2013" /> these four "heavy" consonants being {{IPA|/p’ t’ k’ s’/}}. Vowels that follow these consonants are raised in position.
[[File:Mrw4.svg|none|thumb|The four Maranao vowels (a, ə, i, o) are raised when they follow hard consonants<ref name="Lobel and Riwarung 2009b" />]]There are four possible environments for that determine whether the vowel will be raised or not:

# Non-raising – {{IPA|/p t k s m n ŋ r w y/}}
# Obligatory raising – {{IPA|/p’ t’ k’ s’ (h)/}}
#* {{lang|mrw|Tohan}} is pronounced as {{IPA|[t̪o.hɤn]|lang=mrw}} instead of {{IPA|[to.han]|lang=mrw}}
# Optional raising – {{IPA|/b d g/}}
#* Evidenced by some younger speakers writing {{lang|mrw|gagaan}} as {{lang|mrw|gegaan}}.
# Transparent – {{IPA|/l ʔ/}} – the raising from the consonant before it will "pass through" and affect the following vowel.

Similar vowel raising can be also found in [[Madurese language|Madurese]].