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Metaphysical necessity
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== Necessity in theology == While many theologians (e.g. [[Anselm of Canterbury]], [[RenΓ© Descartes]], and [[Gottfried Leibniz]]) considered God to be a logically or metaphysically necessary being, [[Richard Swinburne]] argued for factual necessity, and [[Alvin Plantinga]] argues that God is a causally necessary being. Because a factually or causally necessary being does not exist by logical necessity, it does not exist in all logically possible worlds.<ref>Ronald H. Nash (1983): ''The Concept of God''. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, p. 108</ref> Therefore, Swinburne used the term "ultimate brute fact" for the existence of God.<ref>Richard Swinburne (2004): ''The Existence of God''. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 96</ref>
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