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Microbial ecology
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=== Amensalism === [[Amensalism]] (also commonly known as antagonism) is a type of symbiotic relationship where one species/organism is harmed while the other remains unaffected.<ref name=":42" /> One example of such a relationship that takes place in microbial ecology is between the microbial species ''[[Lactobacillus casei]]'' and ''[[Pseudomonas taetrolens]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=García |first1=Cristina |last2=Rendueles |first2=Manuel |last3=Díaz |first3=Mario |date=September 2017 |title=Synbiotic Fermentation for the Co-Production of Lactic and Lactobionic Acids from Residual Dairy Whey |journal=Biotechnology Progress |volume=33 |issue=5 |pages=1250–1256 |doi=10.1002/btpr.2507 |pmid=28556559|s2cid=23694837}}</ref> When co-existing in an environment, ''Pseudomonas taetrolens'' shows inhibited growth and decreased production of lactobionic acid (its main product) most likely due to the byproducts created by ''Lactobacillus casei'' during its production of lactic acid.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The microbial challenge : science, disease, and public health |last=Krasner|first=Robert I. |date=2010 |publisher=Jones and Bartlett Publishers |isbn=978-0-7637-5689-5 |edition=2nd |location=Sudbury, Mass. |oclc=317664342}}</ref>
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