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Middle management
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===Necessity=== The overall necessity of middle managers in an organization is questioned. They are said to be too costly, non-effective and constantly under-performing employees. It has been stated{{By whom|date=June 2018}} that middle managers do not carry out their main duties of linking the organization and reporting effectively, which leads to a block of communication between different levels of staff.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Scarbrough|first1=H.|last2=Burrell|first2=G.|author-link2=Gibson Burrell| editor1-last=Clegg|editor1-first=S.|editor2-last=Palmer|editor2-first=G.|title=The Axeman Cometh: the changing role and knowledge of middle managers|journal=The Politics of Management Knowledge|date=1996}}</ref> Thus, as rapid growth of globalization put pressures on businesses in terms of cost effectiveness and speed of information flow within the organization, middle management make companies less flexible and competitive.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dopson|first1=S.|last2=Stewart|first2=R.|title=Information technology, organizational restructuring and the future of middle management|journal=New Technology, Work and Employment|date=1993|volume=1|issue=8|pages=10β20|doi=10.1111/j.1468-005X.1993.tb00030.x}}</ref>
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