Editing Model minority (section)

==== Effects of the stereotype ====
{{Main|Model minority myth}}
According to [[Gordon H. Chang]], the reference to Asian Americans as model minorities has to do with the [[work ethic]], respect for elders, and high valuation of education, family and elders present in their cultures.<ref name=":4">{{cite book|last=Chang|first=Gordon|url=https://archive.org/details/asianamericanspo00chan|title=Asian Americans and Politics: Perspectives, Experiences, Prospects|date=2002|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=9780804742016|url-access=registration}}</ref> The model minority stereotype also comes with an underlying notion of their apoliticality. Such a label one-dimensionalizes Asian Americans as having only traits based around stereotypes and no other human qualities, such as vocal leadership, negative emotions (e.g. anger or sadness), sociopolitical activeness, risk taking, ability to learn from mistakes, desire for creative expression, intolerance towards oppression or being overlooked of their acknowledgements and successes.<ref name=":4" /> Asian Americans are labeled as model minorities because they have not been as much of a "threat" to the U.S. political establishment as black people, due to a smaller population and less political advocacy.<ref name=":4" /> This label seeks to suppress potential political activism through [[Euphemism|euphemistic]] stereotyping.<ref name=":4" />

Another effect of the stereotype is that American society may tend to ignore the racism and discrimination Asian Americans still face. Complaints are dismissed with the claim that the racism which occurs to Asian Americans is less important than or not as bad as the racism faced by other minority races, thus establishing a systematic [[racial hierarchy]]. Believing that due to their success and that they possess so-called "positive" stereotypes, many{{who|date=June 2013}} assume they face no forms of racial discrimination or social issues in the greater American society, and that their community is fine, having "gained" social and economic equality.<ref>{{cite web|date=5 July 2010|title=Yellow Face: The documentary part 4 – Asian Americans do face racism|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0TOYT4JTea4|access-date=24 February 2013|publisher=Youtube.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=5 July 2010|title=Asians, Blacks, Stereotypes and the Media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sqShFjk6BoE |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/sqShFjk6BoE |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|access-date=24 February 2013|publisher=Youtube.com}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=5 July 2010|title=Racial Microaggressions and the Asian American Experience|url=http://psy6129.alliant.wikispaces.net/file/view/Sue,+Bucerri+et+al.+2007.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112140608/http://psy6129.alliant.wikispaces.net/file/view/Sue,+Bucerri+et+al.+2007.pdf|archive-date=12 January 2012|access-date=11 November 2013|publisher=Psy6129.alliant.wikispaces.net}}</ref>

The stereotyping of Asian Americans as a model minority and perfidious foreigner influences people's perceptions and attitudes towards Asians<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Suzuki|first1=Bob|date=2002|title=Revisiting the Model Minority Stereotype: Implications for Student Affairs Practice and Higher Education|journal=New Directions for Student Services|volume=2002|issue=97|pages=21–32|doi=10.1002/ss.36}}</ref> and also negatively affects students' academic outcomes, relationships with others, and psychological adjustments. For instance, discrimination and model minority stereotyping are linked to Asian American students' lower valuing of school, lower self-esteem, and higher depressive symptoms.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kiang|first1=Lisa|date=2016|title=Model Minority Stereotyping, Perceived Discrimination, and Adjustment Among Adolescents from Asian American Backgrounds.|journal=Journal of Youth and Adolescence|volume=45|issue=7|pages=1366–1379|doi=10.1007/s10964-015-0336-7|pmid=26251100|s2cid=22637586}}</ref> 

Asian Americans may also be commonly stereotyped by the general public as being studious, intelligent, successful, elitist, brand name conscious, yet paradoxically passive. As a result, Asian Americans have felt as though they have higher and unreasonable expectations due to their race.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wong |first1=Frieda |last2=Halgin |first2=Richard |title=The 'Model Minority': Bane or Blessing for Asian Americans? |journal=Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development |date=January 2006 |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=38–49 |doi=10.1002/j.2161-1912.2006.tb00025.x }}</ref> Also due to the model minority image, Asian American students are viewed as "problem-free" and academically competent students who can succeed with little support and without special services.<ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite journal|last1=Li|first1=Guofang|date=2005|title=Other People's Success: Impact of the "Model Minority" Myth on Underachieving Asian Students in North America|journal=KEDI Journal of Educational Policy|volume=2|issue=1|pages=69–86}}</ref> This emphasis that Asian Americans are being denial by their racial reality because of the assumption that "Asians are the new Whites"; therefore, they are being dismissed by their intelligence and experiences.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Racial Microaggressions and the Asian American Experience|url=https://www.apa.org/pi/oema/resources/ethnicity-health/asian-american/microaggressions-asians.pdf}}</ref> Thus, educators may overlook the instructional needs and psychological concerns of underachieving Asian American students. The model minority stereotype can also contribute to teachers' having a "blaming the victims" perspective. This means that teachers blame students, their culture, or their families for students' poor performance or misbehavior in school. This is problematic because it shifts responsibility away from schools and teachers and misdirects attention away from finding a solution to improve students' learning experience and alleviate the situation. Furthermore, the model minority stereotype has a negative impact on the home environment. Parents' expectations place high pressure on students to achieve, creating a stressful, school-like home environment. Parents' expressed worry and frustration can also place emotional burdens and psychological stress on students.<ref name="ReferenceB" />

Another result of Asian American's regarded as a model minority is limiting the amount of accepted applicants to certain colleges.<ref>{{cite journal |id={{ProQuest|1298115471}} |last1=Bunzel |first1=John H |last2=Au |first2=Jeffrey K. D. |title=Diversity or Discrimination?-Asian Americans in College |journal=The Public Interest |location=New York |volume=87 |date=Spring 1987 |pages=49–62 }}</ref>

Some educators hold Asian students to a higher standard.<ref name="asianamericanissues1" /> This deprives those students with [[learning disabilities]] from being given attention that they need. The connotations of being a model minority mean Asian students are often labeled with the unpopular "[[nerd]]" or "geek" image.<ref name="asianamericanissues1" />{{rp|223}} Asians have been the target of harassment, [[bullying]], and racism from other races due to the racially divisive model minority stereotype.<ref name="asianstudies3" />{{rp|165}} The higher expectations placed on East Asians as a result of the model minority stereotype carries over from academics to the workplace.<ref name="asianamericanissues1" />

The model minority stereotype is emotionally damaging to many Asian Americans, since there are unjustified expectations to live up to stereotypes of high achievement. The pressures from their families to achieve and live up to the model minority image have taken a tremendous mental and psychological toll on young Asian Americans.<ref>{{cite news|author=Elizabeth Cohen|date=2007-05-16|title=Push to achieve tied to suicide in Asian-American women|publisher=CNN.com|url=http://www.cnn.com/2007/HEALTH/05/16/asian.suicides/|access-date=2015-02-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Cheryan|first1=Sapna|author-link1=Sapna Cheryan|last2=Bodenhausen|first2=Galen|year=2000|title=When Positive Stereotypes Threaten Intellectual Performance|journal=Psychological Science|volume=11|issue=5|pages=399–402|doi=10.1111/1467-9280.00277|pmid=11228911|s2cid=915530}}</ref> The model minority stereotype also influences Asian American students' psychological outcomes and academic experience. The model minority image can lead underachieving Asian American students to minimize their own difficulties and experience anxiety or psychological distress about their academic difficulties. Asian American students also have more negative attitudes toward seeking academic or psychological help<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Gupta|first1=Arpana|date=2011|title=The 'model minority myth': Internalized racialism of positive stereotypes as correlates of psychological distress, and attitudes toward help-seeking|journal=[[Asian American Journal of Psychology]]|volume=2|issue=2|pages=101–114|doi=10.1037/a0024183}}</ref> due to fear of shattering the high expectations of teachers, parents, and classmates.<ref>{{cite thesis |last1=Song |first1=Joanne |title=The Role of the Model Minority Stereotype in Asian American Students' College Experiences |date=2013 |url=http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366659329 }}</ref>