Editing Multi-agent system (section)

== Applications ==<!-- Although MAS is still strictly a research topic, many graphic computer games today are developed using MAS algorithms and MAS frameworks. -->
MAS have not only been applied in academic research, but also in industry.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Industrial agents : emerging applications of software agents in industry|others=Leitão, Paulo,, Karnouskos, Stamatis|isbn=978-0128003411|location=Amsterdam, Netherlands|oclc=905853947|last1 = Leitão|first1 = Paulo|last2 = Karnouskos|first2 = Stamatis|date = 2015-03-26}}</ref> MAS are applied in the real world to graphical applications such as computer games. Agent systems have been used in films.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[Massive (software)|MASSIVE]] |url=http://www.massivesoftware.com/film.html |title=Film showcase|access-date=28 April 2012}}</ref> It is widely advocated for use in networking and mobile technologies, to achieve automatic and dynamic load balancing, high scalability and self-healing networks. They are being used for coordinated defence systems.

Other applications<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Leitao|first1=Paulo|last2=Karnouskos|first2=Stamatis|last3=Ribeiro|first3=Luis|last4=Lee|first4=Jay|last5=Strasser|first5=Thomas|last6=Colombo|first6=Armando W.|date=2016|title=Smart Agents in Industrial Cyber–Physical Systems|journal=Proceedings of the IEEE|volume=104|issue=5|pages=1086–1101|doi=10.1109/JPROC.2016.2521931|s2cid=579475|issn=0018-9219|url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-128744|hdl=10198/15438|hdl-access=free}}</ref> include [[transportation]],<ref name="surtrac2012b">Xiao-Feng Xie, S. Smith, G. Barlow. [http://www.wiomax.com/team/xie/paper/ICAPS12.pdf Schedule-driven coordination for real-time traffic network control]. International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling (ICAPS), São Paulo, Brazil, 2012: 323–331.</ref> logistics,<ref name="compare">{{Cite journal | last1 = Máhr | first1 = T. S. | last2 = Srour | first2 = J. | last3 = De Weerdt | first3 = M. | last4 = Zuidwijk | first4 = R. | title = Can agents measure up? A comparative study of an agent-based and on-line optimization approach for a drayage problem with uncertainty | doi = 10.1016/j.trc.2009.04.018 | journal = Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies | volume = 18 | pages = 99–119 | year = 2010 | issue = 1 | bibcode = 2010TRPC...18...99M | citeseerx = 10.1.1.153.770 }}</ref> graphics, manufacturing, [[power system]],<ref name="GEP_1">{{cite book| chapter=Generation Expansion Planning Considering Investment Dynamic of Market Participants Using Multi-agent System| author1=Kazemi, Hamidreza| author2=Liasi, Sahand| author3=Sheikh-El-Eslami, Mohammadkazem| title=2018 Smart Grid Conference (SGC)| chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334765661| date=November 2018| pages=1–6| access-date=8 January 2024| doi=10.1109/SGC.2018.8777904| isbn=978-1-7281-1138-4}}</ref> [[smartgrids]],<ref name=DMA_1>{{cite journal| title=Distributed Multi -Agent System Based Load Frequency Control for Multi- Area Power System in Smart Grid| author1=Singh, Vijay| author2=Samuel, Paulson| url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312304154| journal=IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics| volume=64| issue=6| pages=5151–5160| date=6 June 2017| access-date=8 January 2024| doi=10.1109/TIE.2017.2668983}}</ref> and the [[Geographic information system|GIS]].

Also, [[Distributed artificial intelligence#Agents and Multi-agent systems|Multi-agent Systems Artificial Intelligence]] (MAAI) are used for simulating societies, the purpose thereof being helpful in the fields of climate, energy, [[epidemiology]], [[conflict management]], child abuse, ....<ref name="newscientist.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg24332500-800-ai-can-predict-your-future-behaviour-with-powerful-new-simulations/|title=AI can predict your future behaviour with powerful new simulations|website=New Scientist}}</ref> 

Some organisations working on using multi-agent system models include Center for Modelling Social Systems,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Center for Modeling Social Systems - Norce |url=https://www.norceresearch.no/en/research-group/cmss |access-date=2025-04-13 |website=NORCE Norwegian Research Centre |language=en}}</ref> Centre for Research in Social Simulation,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Centre for Research in Social Simulation – A multidisciplinary centre bringing together the social sciences and agent-based modelling to promote and support the use of social simulation in research in the human sciences. |url=https://cress.soc.surrey.ac.uk/cresswp/ |access-date=2025-04-13 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Centre for Policy Modelling, Society for Modelling and Simulation International.<ref name="newscientist.com" />

Vehicular traffic with controlled autonomous vehicles can be modelling as a multi-agent system involving crowd dynamics.<ref name="Gong">{{cite journal |last1=Gong |first1=Xiaoqian |last2=Herty |first2=Michael |last3=Piccoli |first3=Benedetto |last4=Visconti |first4=Giuseppe |title=Crowd Dynamics: Modeling and Control of Multiagent Systems |journal=Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems |date=3 May 2023 |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=261–282 |doi=10.1146/annurev-control-060822-123629 |language=en |issn=2573-5144|doi-access=free }}</ref>

Hallerbach et al. discussed the application of agent-based approaches for the development and validation of [[Vehicular automation|automated driving systems]] via a digital twin of the vehicle-under-test and microscopic traffic simulation based on independent agents.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hallerbach |first1=S. |last2=Xia |first2=Y. |last3=Eberle |first3=U. |last4=Koester |first4=F. |title=Simulation-Based Identification of Critical Scenarios for Cooperative and Automated Vehicles |journal=SAE International Journal of Connected and Automated Vehicles |volume=1 |issue=2 |page=93 |date=2018 |publisher=SAE International |doi=10.4271/2018-01-1066 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324194968}}</ref> [[Waymo]] has created a multi-agent simulation environment Carcraft to test algorithms for [[self-driving car]]s.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Madrigal |first1=Story by Alexis C. |title=Inside Waymo's Secret World for Training Self-Driving Cars |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2017/08/inside-waymos-secret-testing-and-simulation-facilities/537648/ |access-date=14 August 2020 |work=The Atlantic}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Connors |first1=J. |last2=Graham |first2=S. |last3=Mailloux |first3=L. |title=Cyber Synthetic Modeling for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Applications |journal=In International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security |date=2018 |page=594-XI |publisher=Academic Conferences International Limited}}</ref> It simulates traffic interactions between human drivers, pedestrians and automated vehicles. People's behavior is imitated by artificial agents based on data of real human behavior.