Editing Multiphonic (section)

== Use in literature ==

The first real use of multiphonics in literature are of the brass "horn chord" style. [[Carl Maria von Weber]] used this technique in [[French horn|horn]] compositions, leading up to his well-known [[Concertino for horn (Weber)|Concertino for horn and orchestra]] of 1815.{{Citation needed|date=April 2017}}

<score>
\new Staff \relative c
{
  \time 4/4
  r2 \clef "bass^8" c~\fermata |
  c4 c-.( b-. a-.) |
  g2 <fis c''' ees> |
  <g g'' d'>1\fermata |
  <b g'' d'> |
  <c c'' e> |
  <g g'' d'>\fermata |
  \clef "treble"
  <c' c' g'>1*1/4 <c c' a'> <c c' g'> <c c' a'> |
  <c c' g'>1*1/2 <g g' d' f>\fermata |
  R1 |
  R1^\fermata |
  \bar "||"
  \time 3/4
}
</score>

Woodwind multiphonics and brass lip multiphonics did not make appearances in [[european classical music|classical music]] until the 20th century, with pioneering compositions such as [[Luciano Berio]]'s ''Sequenzas'' for solo wind instruments<ref>{{Cite web |last=Distler |first=Jed |date=2006-05-31 |title=Berio: Sequenzas - Classics Today |url=https://www.classicstoday.com/review/review-12718/ |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=www.classicstoday.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Drees |first=Stefan |title=Experiment and discourse: Luciano Berio's "Sequenze" |url=https://musiksalon.universaledition.com/en/article/experiment-und-diskurs-luciano-berios-sequenze-kopie |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=musiksalon.universaledition.com |language=en}}</ref> and ''Proporzioni'' for solo flute by [[Franco Evangelisti (composer)|Franco Evangelisti]] using them extensively in 1958.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=McAlvin |first=Bonnie |date=2018-04-17 |title=Using Flute Physics to Tune Multiphonics |url=https://proa.ua.pt/index.php/impar/article/view/2290 |journal=ÍMPAR: Online Journal for Artistic Research |language=pt |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=2–18 |doi=10.34624/impar.v2i2.2290 |issn=2184-1993 |quote=Early formal usages of flute multiphonics include the Sequenza by Luciano Berio (1958) and Proporzioni by Franco Evangelisti (1958)}}</ref> Multiphonics are widely today used in [[contemporary classical music]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fitzwater |first=Aleah |date=January 27, 2021 |title=Multiphonics in Music |url=http://www.notestem.com/multiphonics/ |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=Notestem |language=en}}</ref>

The technique is used in [[jazz]] as early as the 1920s by [[Adrian Rollini]] on his bass saxophone. Then it was largely forgotten until [[Illinois Jacquet]] used them in the 1940s. Multiphonics were also widely used by [[John Coltrane]], and jazz flautist [[Jeremy Steig]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2017}}