Editing Neanderthal extinction (section)

====Anatomical differences and running ability====
Researchers such as Karen L. Steudel of the [[University of Wisconsin]] have highlighted the relationship of Neanderthal anatomy (shorter and stockier than that of modern humans) and the ability to run and the requirement of energy (30% more).<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Karen L |last1=Steudel-Numbers |first2=Michael J |last2=Tilkens |year=2004 |title=The Effect of Lower Limb Length on the Energetic Cost of Locomotion: Implications for Fossil Hominins |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=95–109 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.06.002|pmid=15288526 |bibcode=2004JHumE..47...95S }}</ref>

Nevertheless, in the recent study, researchers Martin Hora and Vladimir Sladek of [[Charles University in Prague]] show that Neanderthal lower limb configuration, particularly the combination of robust knees, long heels, and short lower limbs, increased the effective mechanical advantage of the Neanderthal knee and ankle extensors, thus reducing the force needed and the energy spent for locomotion significantly. The walking cost of the Neanderthal male is now estimated to be 8–12% higher than that of anatomically modern males, whereas the walking cost of the Neanderthal female is considered to be virtually equal to that of anatomically modern females.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Hora | first1 = M | last2 = Sládek | first2 = V | year = 2014 | title = Influence of lower limb configuration on walking cost in Late Pleistocene humans | journal = Journal of Human Evolution | volume =  67| pages =  19–32| doi = 10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.09.011 | pmid = 24485350 | bibcode = 2014JHumE..67...19H }}</ref>

Other researchers, like Yoel Rak, from [[Tel-Aviv University]] in [[Israel]], have noted that the fossil records show that Neanderthal [[pelvis]]es in comparison to modern human pelvises would have made it much harder for Neanderthals to absorb shocks and to bounce off from one step to the next, giving modern humans another advantage over Neanderthals in running and walking ability. However, Rak also notes that all archaic humans had wide pelvises, indicating that this is the ancestral morphology and that modern humans underwent a shift towards narrower pelvises in the late Pleistocene.<ref>{{cite web | title = Science: Neanderthals puzzle the anthropologists | publisher = New Scientist | date = 27 April 1991 | first = Roger | last = Lewin | access-date = January 1, 2011 | url = https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg13017664.500-science-neanderthals-puzzle-the-anthropologists-.html
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