Editing Neuroscience and intelligence (section)

===Further research===
Some scientists prefer to look at more qualitative variables to relate to the size of measurable regions of known function, for example relating the size of the primary [[visual cortex]] to its corresponding functions, that of visual performance.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Brain size does not predict cognitive abilities within families |journal=PNAS |volume=97 |issue=9 |pages=4932–4937 |doi=10.1073/pnas.97.9.4932 |pmid=10781101 |pmc=18335 |date=April 2000 | last1 = Schoenemann | first1 = PT | last2 = Budinger | first2 = TF | last3 = Sarich | first3 = VM | last4 = Wang | first4 = WS | bibcode=2000PNAS...97.4932S|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=neurosci.box.1833 Brain size and intelligence]</ref>

In a study of the head growth of 633 term-born children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children [[cohort study|cohort]], it was shown that prenatal growth and growth during infancy were associated with subsequent IQ. The study’s conclusion was that the brain volume a child achieves by the age of 1 year helps determine later intelligence. Growth in brain volume after infancy may not compensate for poorer earlier growth.<ref>{{Cite journal
|url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/short/118/4/1486
|title=The Influence of Head Growth in Fetal Life, Infancy, and Childhood on Intelligence at the Ages of 4 and 8 Years
|access-date=August 6, 2006 |date=October 4, 2006
|author= Catharine R. Gale, Finbar J. O'Callaghan, Maria Bredow, MBChB, Christopher N. Martyn, DPhil and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children Study Team
|journal= Pediatrics |volume= 118 |issue= 4|pages= 1486–1492 |doi=10.1542/peds.2005-2629 |pmid=17015539
|s2cid=12447118
|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

There is an association between IQ and [[myopia]]. One suggested explanation is that one or several [[pleiotropic]] gene(s) affect the size of the [[neocortex]] part of the brain and eyes simultaneously.<ref>{{Cite journal 
| pmid = 19127804 
| last1 = Czepita | first1 = D. 
| last2 = Lodygowska | first2 = E. 
| last3 = Czepita | first3 = M. 
| title = Are children with myopia more intelligent? A literature review 
| journal = Annales Academiae Medicae Stetinensis 
| volume = 54 
| issue = 1 
| pages = 13–16; discussion 16 
| year = 2008
}}</ref> <!-- You can also find this correlation in [[Study of Mathematically Precocious Youth]], IIRC. -->

====Parieto-frontal integration theory====
{{main|Parieto-frontal integration theory}}
In 2007, [[Behavioral and Brain Sciences]] published a target article that put forth a biological model of intelligence based on 37 peer-reviewed neuroimaging studies ([[Rex Jung|Jung]] & [[Richard J. Haier|Haier]], 2007).  Their review of a wealth of data from functional imaging ([[functional magnetic resonance imaging]] and [[positron emission tomography]]) and structural imaging ([[diffusion MRI]], [[voxel-based morphometry]], [[in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy]]) argues that human intelligence arises from a distributed and integrated neural network comprising brain regions in the frontal and parietal lobes.<ref>{{Cite journal
|url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=1305780
|title=The Parieto-Frontal Integration Theory (P-FIT) of intelligence: Converging neuroimaging evidence
|access-date=September 28, 2009
|date=July 26, 2007
|author1=Richard Haier  |author2=Rex Jung
 |journal=Behavioral and Brain Sciences
|volume=30
|issue=2
|pages=135–154
|name-list-style=amp |publisher=Cambridge University Press
|doi=10.1017/S0140525X07001185
|pmid=17655784
|s2cid=14699011
|url-access=subscription
}}</ref>

A recent lesion mapping study conducted by [[Aron K. Barbey|Barbey and colleagues]] provides evidence to support the P-FIT theory of intelligence.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Barbey|first1=Aron K.|last2=Colom|first2=Roberto|last3=Solomon|first3=Jeffrey|last4=Krueger|first4=Frank|last5=Forbes|first5=Chad|last6=Grafman|first6=Jordan|title=An integrative architecture for general intelligence and executive function revealed by lesion mapping|journal=Brain|volume=135|issue=4|pages=1154–1164|doi=10.1093/brain/aws021|pmid=22396393|pmc=3326251|year=2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author1=HealthDay|title=Researchers Map Brain Regions Linked to Intelligence|url=http://health.usnews.com/health-news/news/articles/2012/04/13/researchers-map-brain-regions-linked-to-intelligence|agency=U.S. News & World Report|date=2012-04-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Yates|first1=Diana|title=Researchers Use Brain-Injury Data to Map Intelligence in the Brain|url=http://news.illinois.edu/news/12/0410braininjury_AronBarbey.html|website=University of Illinois News Bureau|publisher=University of Illinois}}</ref>

Brain injuries at an early age isolated to one side of the brain typically results in relatively spared intellectual function and with IQ in the normal range.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bava |first1=Sunita |last2=Ballantyne |first2=Angela O |last3=Trauner |first3=Doris A |title=Disparity of Verbal and Performance IQ Following Early Bilateral Brain Damage |journal=Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=163–70 |year=2005 |pmid=16175020 |doi= 10.1097/01.wnn.0000178228.61938.3e|s2cid=30150030 }}</ref>