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Nonsense mutation
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=== LGR4 === [[LGR4]] binds [[R-spondin 1|R-spondins]] to activate the [[Wnt signaling pathway]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last1=Styrkarsdottir |first1=Unnur |last2=Thorleifsson |first2=Gudmar |last3=Sulem |first3=Patrick |last4=Gudbjartsson |first4=Daniel F. |last5=Sigurdsson |first5=Asgeir |last6=Jonasdottir |first6=Aslaug |last7=Jonasdottir |first7=Adalbjorg |last8=Oddsson |first8=Asmundur |last9=Helgason |first9=Agnar |last10=Magnusson |first10=Olafur T. |last11=Walters |first11=G. Bragi |last12=Frigge |first12=Michael L. |last13=Helgadottir |first13=Hafdis T. |last14=Johannsdottir |first14=Hrefna |last15=Bergsteinsdottir |first15=Kristin |date=2013-05-23 |title=Nonsense mutation in the LGR4 gene is associated with several human diseases and other traits |url=http://www.nature.com/articles/nature12124 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=497 |issue=7450 |pages=517β520 |doi=10.1038/nature12124 |pmid=23644456 |bibcode=2013Natur.497..517S |s2cid=205233843 |issn=0028-0836|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Wnt signaling regulates bone mass and [[osteoblast]] [[Cellular differentiation|differentiation]] and is important for the development of bone, heart, and muscle.<ref name=":5" /> An LGR4 nonsense mutation in a healthy population has been linked to low bone mass density and symptoms of [[osteoporosis]]. LGR4 [[mutant]] mice showed the observed low bone mass is not due to age-related bone loss.<ref name=":5" /> Mutations in LGR4 have been associated with family lineages with medical histories of rare bone disorders.<ref name=":5" /> Wild-type mice lacking LGR4 also displayed delayed [[osteoblast]] differentiation during development, showcasing the important role of LGR4 in bone mass regulation and development.<ref name=":5" />
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