Editing Onager (section)

===Social structure===
[[File:6Kulane.jpg|thumb|right|A group of onagers]]
[[File:Indian wild Equus hemionus khur (440571528).jpg|thumb|right|A group of khurs]]
Like most equids, onagers are social animals. [[Stallion]]s are either solitary or live in groups of two or three. The males have been observed holding [[Harem (zoology)|harem]]s of females, but in other studies, the dominant stallions defend territories that attract females. Differences in behaviour and social structure likely are the result of changes in climate, vegetation cover, predation, and hunting.

The social behavior of the Asian wild ass can vary widely, depending on different habitats and ranges, and on threats by predators including humans. In [[Mongolia]] and [[Central Asia]] (''E.&nbsp;h.&nbsp;hemionus'' and ''E.&nbsp;h.&nbsp;kulan''), an onager stallion can adopt harem-type social groups, with several mares and foals in large home areas in the southwest, or in territory-based social groups in the south and southeast. Also, annual large hikes occur, covering {{cvt|4.5|km2|sqmi}} to {{cvt|40|km2|sqmi}}, where hiking{{clarify|date=January 2022}} in summer is more limited than in the winter. Onagers also occasionally form large group associations of 450 to 1,200 individuals, but this usually only occurs in places with food or water sources. As these larger groups dissolve again within a day, no overarching hierarchy apart from the ranking of the individual herds seems to exist. Young male onagers also frequently form "bachelor groups" during the winter. Such a lifestyle is also seen in the wild horse, the [[plains zebra]]s (''E.&nbsp;quagga'') and [[mountain zebra]]s (''E.&nbsp;zebra'').<!-- [does not make sense:] However, occasional formation of temporary territories can be defended in an aggressive way. -->

Southern populations of onagers in the Middle East and South Asia tend to have a purely territorial life, where areas partly overlap. Dominant stallions have home ranges of {{cvt|9|km2|sqmi}}, but they can also be significantly larger. These territories include food and rest stops and permanent or periodic water sources. The waters are usually at the edge of a coalfield{{what|date=January 2022}} and not in the center.<!-- [does not make sense:] Frequently committed paths with [[feces]] and marked [[urine]], where often the same marker points are used. --> Mares with foals sometimes find themselves in small groups, in areas up to {{cvt|20|km2|sqmi}}, which overlap with those of the other groups and dominant stallions. Such features are also seen among Grévy's zebras (''E.&nbsp;grevyi'') and the African wild asses.