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Once Upon a Time in America
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=== Music === The [[film score|musical score]] was composed by Leone's longtime collaborator [[Ennio Morricone]]. "Deborah's Theme" was written for a [[Franco Zeffirelli]] film but was rejected.{{sfn|Frayling|2012|page=427}} The score is also notable for Morricone's incorporation of the music of [[Gheorghe Zamfir]], who plays a [[pan flute]].{{sfn|Frayling|2012|page=427}} Zamfir's flute music was used to similar effect in [[Peter Weir]]'s ''[[Picnic at Hanging Rock (film)|Picnic at Hanging Rock]]'' (1975).{{sfn|Hughes|2006|page=163}}<ref>{{cite web |first=Messrob |last=Torikian |url=http://www.soundtrack.net/albums/database/?id=1894 |title=Once Upon a Time in America (1984) |publisher=Soundtrack |date=August 25, 2003 |access-date=May 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007004241/http://www.soundtrack.net/albums/database/?id=1894 |archive-date=October 7, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> Morricone also collaborated with vocalist [[Edda Dell'Orso]] on the score. {{Infobox album | name = Once Upon a Time in America | type = soundtrack | artist = [[Ennio Morricone]] | cover = | alt = | released = {{Plainlist| *June 1, 1984 *October 17, 1995 <small>(Special edition)</small> }} | recorded = December 1983 | venue = | studio = [[Forum Music Village|Forum Studios]], Rome | genre = [[Contemporary classical music|Contemporary classical]] | length = | label = [[Mercury Records]] | producer = Ennio Morricone | prev_title = | prev_year = | next_title = | next_year = | misc = {{Extra album cover | header = Special Edition cover | type = soundtrack | cover = | border = | alt = | caption = 1995 Special Edition }} }} Besides the original music, the film used [[source music]], including:{{sfn|Hughes|2006|page=162}} * "[[God Bless America]]" (written by [[Irving Berlin]], performed by [[Kate Smith]] β 1943) β Plays over the opening credits from a radio in Eve's bedroom and briefly at the film's ending. * "[[Yesterday (Beatles song)|Yesterday]]" (written by [[LennonβMcCartney]] β 1965) β A [[Elevator music|Muzak]] version of this piece plays when Noodles first returns to New York in 1968, examining himself in a train-station mirror. An instrumental version of the song also plays briefly during the dialogue between Noodles and "Bailey" near the film's end. * "[[Summertime (George Gershwin song)|Summertime]]" (written by [[George Gershwin]] β 1935) An instrumental version of the [[aria]] from the [[opera]] ''[[Porgy and Bess]]'' is playing softly in the background as Noodles, prior to leaving, explains to "Secretary Bailey" why he could never kill his friend. * "[[Amapola (song)|Amapola]]" (written by [[Joseph Lacalle]], American lyrics by [[Albert Gamse]] β 1923) β Originally an opera piece, several instrumental versions of this song are played during the film; a jazzy version, which plays on the [[Phonograph|gramophone]] danced to by young Deborah in 1918; a similar version performed by Fat Moe's jazz band in the 1930s [[speakeasy]]; and a string version, during Noodles's date with Deborah. Both versions are available on the soundtrack. * Part of the third theme from the overture to ''[[La gazza ladra]]'' ([[Gioachino Rossini]] β 1817) β Used during the baby-switching scene in the hospital. * "[[Night and Day (song)|Night and Day]]" (written and sung by [[Cole Porter]] β 1932) β Played by a jazz band during the beach scene before the beachgoers receive word of Prohibition's repeal, and during the party at the house of "Secretary Bailey" in 1968. * "[[St. James Infirmary Blues]]" is used during the Prohibition "funeral" at the gang's speakeasy. A [[soundtrack album]] was released in 1984 by [[Mercury Records]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Once Upon a Time in America (1984) Soundtrack |url=http://www.soundtrack.net/album/once-upon-a-time-in-america-morricone/ |website=[[Soundtrack.Net]] |access-date=March 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402143747/http://www.soundtrack.net/album/once-upon-a-time-in-america-morricone/|archive-date=April 2, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> It was followed by a special-edition release in 1995 featuring four additional tracks.<ref>{{cite web |title=Once Upon a Time in America [Special Edition] β Ennio Morricone |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/once-upon-a-time-in-america-special-edition-mw0000473231 |website=[[AllMusic]] |publisher=[[All Media Network]] |access-date=March 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122080626/http://www.allmusic.com/album/once-upon-a-time-in-america-special-edition-mw0000473231|archive-date=November 22, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> {{Track listing | headline = Side one | title1 = Once Upon a Time in America | length1 = 2:11 | title2 = Poverty | length2 = 3:37 | title3 = Deborah's Theme | length3 = 4:24 | title4 = Childhood Memories | length4 = 3:22 | title5 = Amapola | length5 = 5:21 | title6 = Friends | length6 = 1:34 | title7 = Prohibition Dirge | length7 = 4:20 }} {{Track listing | headline = Side two | title8 = Cockeye's Song | length8 = 4:20 | title9 = Amapola, Part II | length9 = 3:07 | title10 = Childhood Poverty | length10 = 1:41 | title11 = Photographic Memories | length11 = 1:00 | title12 = Friends β Reprise | length12 = 1:23 | title13 = Friendship & Love | length13 = 4:14 | title14 = Speakeasy | length14 = 2:21 | title15 = Deborah's Theme β Amapola | length15 = 6:13 }} {{Track listing | headline = Bonus tracks (1995 Special Edition) | title16 = Suite from Once Upon a Time in America (Includes Amapola) | length16 = 13:32 | title17 = Poverty (Temp. Version) | length17 = 3:26 | title18 = Unused Theme | length18 = 4:46 | title19 = Unused Theme (Version 2) | length19 = 3:38 }}
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