Editing One Thousand and One Nights (section)

===Timeline===
[[File:Arabian nights manuscript.jpg|thumb|Arabic manuscript of ''The Thousand and One Nights'' dating back to the 14th century]]
Scholars have assembled a timeline concerning the publication history of ''The Nights'':<ref>Dwight Reynolds. "The Thousand and One Nights: A History of the Text and its Reception". ''The Cambridge History of Arabic Literature: Arabic Literature in the Post-Classical Period''. Cambridge UP, 2006.</ref>{{sfn|Irwin|2004}}<ref>"The Oriental Tale in England in the Eighteenth Century", by Martha Pike Conant, Ph.D. Columbia University Press (1908)</ref>
* One of the oldest Arabic manuscript fragments from Syria (a few handwritten pages) dating to the early ninth century. Discovered by scholar Nabia Abbott in 1948, it bears the title ''Kitab Hadith Alf Layla'' ("The Book of the Tale of the Thousand Nights") and the first few lines of the book in which Dinazad asks Shirazad (Scheherazade) to tell her stories.<ref name="Reynolds p.270"/>
* 10th century: mention of ''Hezār Afsān'' in [[Ibn al-Nadim]]'s "Fihrist" (Catalogue of books) in [[Baghdad]]. He attributes a pre-Islamic [[Sasanian dynasty|Sassanid]] Persian origin to the collection and refers to the frame story of Scheherazade telling stories over a thousand nights to save her life.{{sfn|Irwin|2004|pp=49–50}}
* 10th century: reference to ''The Thousand Nights'', an Arabic translation of the Persian ''Hezār Afsān'' ("Thousand Stories"),  in ''Muruj Al-Dhahab'' ([[The Meadows of Gold]]) by [[Al-Mas'udi]].{{sfn|Irwin|2004|p=49}}
* 12th century: a document from [[Cairo]] refers to a Jewish bookseller lending a copy of ''The Thousand and One Nights'' (this is the first appearance of the final form of the title).{{sfn|Irwin|2004|p=50}}
* 14th century: existing Syrian manuscript in the [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]] in Paris (contains about 300 tales).<ref name="BnF manuscript" />
* 1704: [[Antoine Galland]]'s French translation is the first European version of ''Nights''. Later volumes were introduced using Galland's name, though the stories were written by unknown persons at the behest of the publisher, who wanted to capitalize on the popularity of the collection.
* c. 1706 – c. 1721: an anonymously translated 12-volume English version appears in Europe, dubbed the "[[Grub Street]]" version. This is entitled ''Arabian Nights' Entertainments''—the first known use of the common English title of the work.<ref>{{cite book |year=2009 |orig-date=1995 |editor1-last=Mack |editor1-first=Robert L. |title=Arabian Nights' Entertainments |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZK0VDAAAQBAJ&q=%22collection+in+about+1721%22&pg=PR16 |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |pages=xvi, xxv |isbn=978-0-19-283479-9 |access-date=2 July 2018 }}</ref>
* 1768: first [[Polish language|Polish]] translation, 12 volumes. Based, as with many European versions, on the [[French language|French]] translation.
* 1775: Egyptian version of ''Nights'' called "ZER" ([[Hermann Zotenberg]]'s Egyptian Recension) with 200 tales (no extant edition).
* 1804–1806, 1825: Austrian polyglot and orientalist [[Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall]] (1774–1856) translates a subsequently lost manuscript into French between 1804 and 1806. His French translation, which was partially abridged and included Galland's "orphan stories",  has been lost, but its translation into German,  published in 1825, survives.{{sfn|Irwin|2010|p=474}}
* 1814: Calcutta I, the earliest existing Arabic printed version, is published by the [[British East India Company]]. A second volume was released in 1818. Both had 100 tales each.
* 1811: Jonathan Scott (1754–1829), an Englishman who learned Arabic and Persian in India, produces an English translation, mostly based on Galland's French version, supplemented by other sources.  Robert Irwin calls it the "first literary translation into English", in contrast to earlier translations from French by  "Grub Street hacks".{{sfn|Irwin|2010|p=497}}
* Early 19th century: [[Modern Persian]] translations of the text are made, variously under the title ''Alf leile va leile'', ''Hezār-o yek šhab'' ({{lang|fa|هزار و یک شب}}), or, in distorted Arabic, ''Alf al-leil''. Muhammad Baqir Khurasani Buzanjirdi (b.1770) finalized his translation in 1814, patronized by Henry Russell, 2nd Baronet (1783–1852), British Resident in Hyderabad. Three decades later, Abdul Latif Tasuji completed his translation.<ref>Ganjavi, Mahdi. The Hidden Story of One Thousand and One Nights in Persian. Presentation at the University of British Columbia. Dec 2021</ref> It was later illustrated by [[Sani ol Molk]] (1814–1866)  for [[Mohammad Shah Qajar]].<ref>
Ulrich Marzolph, ''The Arabian nights in transnational perspective'', 2007, {{ISBN|978-0-8143-3287-0}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=tknULXNl21oC&pg=PA230 p. 230].</ref>
* 1825–1838: the Breslau/Habicht edition is published in [[Arabic]] in eight volumes. Christian Maximilian Habicht (born in [[Breslau]], [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]], 1775) collaborated with the Tunisian Mordecai ibn al-Najjar to create this edition containing 1001 nights. In addition to the Galland manuscript, they used what they believed to be a Tunisian manuscript, which was later revealed as a forgery by al-Najjar.<ref name="Marzolph, Ulrich 2017"/> Using versions of ''Nights'', tales from Al-Najjar, and other stories of unknown origin, Habicht published his version in Arabic and [[German language|German]].
* 1842–1843: Four additional volumes by Habicht.
* 1835: Bulaq version: these two volumes, printed by the Egyptian government, are the oldest printed and published version of ''Nights'' in Arabic by a non-European. It is primarily a reprinting of the ZER text.
* 1839–1842: Calcutta II (4 volumes) is published. It claims to be based on an older Egyptian manuscript (this has never been found). This version contains many elements and stories from the Habicht edition.
* 1838: Torrens version in English.
* 1838–1840: [[Edward William Lane]] publishes an English translation. Notable for Lane's exclusion of content he found immoral and for his [[anthropological]] notes on Arab customs.
* 1882–1884: [[John Payne (poet)|John Payne]] publishes an English version translated entirely from Calcutta II, adding some tales from Calcutta I and Breslau.
* 1885–1888: [[Sir Richard Francis Burton]] publishes [[The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night|an English translation]] from several sources (largely the same as Payne<ref name=sallis2/>). His version accentuated the sexuality of the stories ''vis-à-vis'' Lane's [[bowdlerized]] translation.
* 1889–1904: J. C. Mardrus publishes a French version using Bulaq and Calcutta II editions.
* 1973: First [[Polish language|Polish]] translation based on the original language edition, but compressed 12 volumes to 9, by [[Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy]].
* 1984: [[Muhsin Mahdi]] publishes an Arabic edition based on the oldest surviving Arabic manuscript (based on the oldest surviving Syrian manuscript currently held in the Bibliothèque Nationale).
* 1986–1987: French translation by Arabist [[René R. Khawam]].
* 1990: Husain Haddawy publishes an English translation of Mahdi.
* 1991: French translation by Arabists Jamel-Eddine Bencheikh and [[André Miquel]] for the [[Bibliothèque de la Pléiade]].
* 2008: New Penguin Classics translation (in three volumes) by Malcolm C. Lyons and Ursula Lyons of the Calcutta II edition