Editing Ordinal indicator (section)

==Other suffixes==
=== English ===
{{further|English ordinal numbers}}
* ''-st'' is used with numbers ending in ''1'' (e.g. ''1st'', pronounced ''fir'''st''''')
* ''-nd'' is used with numbers ending in ''2'' (e.g. ''92nd'', pronounced ''ninety-seco'''nd''''')
* ''-rd'' is used with numbers ending in ''3'' (e.g. ''33rd'', pronounced ''thirty-thi'''rd''''')
* As an exception to the above rules, numbers ending with ''11'', ''12'', and ''13'' use ''-th'' (e.g. ''11th'', pronounced ''eleven'''th''''', ''112th'', pronounced ''one hundred [and] {{Not a typo|twelf}}'''th''''')
* ''-th'' is used for all other numbers (e.g. 9th, pronounced ''nin'''th''''').
* One archaic variant uses a singular ''-d'' for numbers ending in 2 or 3 (e.g. ''92d'' or ''33d'')

In 19th-century handwriting, these terminals were often elevated, that is to say written as superscripts (e.g. {{notatypo|2<sup>nd</sup>, 34<sup>th</sup>}}). With the gradual introduction of the [[typewriter]] in the late 19th century, it became common to write them on the baseline in typewritten texts,<ref>e.g. Max Harold Fisch, Christian J. W. Kloesel, "Essay on the Editorial Method", in ''Writings of Charles S. Peirce: 1879-1884'', vol. 4 (1989), [https://archive.org/details/writingsofcharle0002peir/page/629 p. 629]:
"In all MSS in this period, Peirce inscribed "st," "nd," "rd," and "th" in the superscript position: for convenience's sake, they are on the line in typewritten pieces. In published pieces the ordinals are superscripted to conform to Peirce's style; {{notatypo|"2<sup>nd</sup>" and "3<sup>rd</sup>"}} are emended to "2nd" and "3rd". When Peirce typed abbreviated ordinals on the line, these mechanical exceptions attributable to his typewriter have been changed to superscript ordinals."</ref> and this usage even became recommended in certain 20th-century style guides. Thus, the 17th edition of ''[[The Chicago Manual of Style]]'' states: "The letters in ordinal numbers should not appear as superscripts (e.g., 122nd not {{notatypo|122<sup>nd</sup>}})", as do the ''[[Bluebook]]''<ref name="TforL"/> and style guides by the ''[[Council of Science Editors]]'',<ref>{{cite book |title=Writing Papers in the Biological Sciences |first=Victoria E. |last=McMillan |publisher=Bedford / St. Martin's |year=2011 |page=79 |isbn=978-0-3126-4971-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d05qOgVpXMgC&pg=PA79 |access-date=4 October 2012}}</ref> [[Microsoft Manual of Style for Technical Publications|Microsoft]],<ref>{{cite book |title=Microsoft Manual of Style |publisher=Microsoft Press |edition=4th |page=316 |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-7356-6979-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ifhpFdraIkQC&pg=PT316 |access-date=4 October 2012}}</ref> and [[Yahoo!|Yahoo]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The Yahoo! Style Guide |publisher=Macmillan |year=2010 |page=359 |first1=Chris |last1=Barr|last2=Yahoo! |isbn=978-0-3125-6984-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z2m9AG-Y2lQC&pg=PT359 |access-date=4 October 2012}}</ref> Two problems are that superscripts are used "most often in citations" and are "tiny and hard to read".<ref name="TforL">{{cite web |title=Typography for Lawyers - Ordinals |first=Matthew|last=Butterick |date=4 October 2012 |url=http://www.typographyforlawyers.com/?page_id=1785 |access-date=4 October 2012|quote=''Bluebook'' rule 6.2(b)(i) (19th ed. 2010)}}</ref> Some [[word processor]]s format ordinal indicators as superscripts by default (e.g. [[Microsoft Word]]<ref>{{Citation | url = http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/word-help/automatic-formatting-results-HP005262013.aspx | publisher = Microsoft | series = Office | title = Word Help | contribution = Automatic formatting results}}.</ref>). Style guide author Jack Lynch ([[Rutgers University|Rutgers]]) recommends turning off automatic superscripting of ordinals in [[Microsoft Word]], because "no professionally printed books use superscripts".<ref>{{cite book |title=The English Language: A User's Guide |first=Jack |last=Lynch |date=30 April 2007 |publisher = Focus Publishing/R. Pullins Company |isbn=978-1-5851-0185-6 |pages=131,213] |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781585101856/page/131}}<br />{{cite web |title=Guide to Grammar and Style — M |first=Jack |last=Lynch |date=28 January 2011 |publisher=Rutgers University |url=http://andromeda.rutgers.edu/~jlynch/Writing/m.html#msword |access-date=4 October 2012 |quote=[...] ordinal numbers [...] no professionally printed books use superscripts [...] |archive-date=5 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805154119/http://andromeda.rutgers.edu/~jlynch/Writing/m.html#msword |url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{anchor|French|French}}
=== French ===
[[French language|French]] uses the ordinal indicators ''{{lang|fr|<sup>er</sup>}}'' and ''{{lang|fr|<sup>re</sup>}}'' for the number 1, depending on gender (masculine ''{{lang|fr|1<sup>er</sup> – premier}}''; feminine ''{{lang|fr|1<sup>re</sup> – première}}'').
It uses ''{{lang|fr|<sup>e</sup>}}'' for higher numbers (for instance ''{{lang|fr|2<sup>e</sup> – deuxième}}'').
French also uses the indicators ''{{lang|fr|<sup>d</sup>}}'' and ''{{lang|fr|<sup>de</sup>}}'' for the alternative second ordinal number (masculine {{lang|fr|2<sup>d</sup> – second}}; feminine {{lang|fr|2<sup>de</sup> – seconde}}).
In plural, all these indicators are suffixed with an ''s'': ''{{lang|fr|<sup>ers</sup>}}'' (''{{lang|fr|1<sup>ers</sup> – premiers}}''), ''{{lang|fr|<sup>res</sup>}}'' (''{{lang|fr|1<sup>res</sup> – premières}}''), ''{{lang|fr|<sup>es</sup>}}'' (''{{lang|fr|2<sup>es</sup> – deuxièmes}}''), ''{{lang|fr|<sup>ds</sup>}}'' (''{{lang|fr|2<sup>ds</sup> – seconds}}''), {{lang|fr|<sup>des</sup>}} (''{{lang|fr|2<sup>des</sup> – secondes}}'').

Although regarded as incorrect by typographic standards, longer forms are in wide usage: ''{{lang|fr|<sup>ère</sup>}}'' for feminine 1 (''{{lang|fr|1<sup>ère</sup> – première}}'')), ''{{lang|fr|<sup>ème</sup>}}'' for numbers starting at 2 (for instance ''{{lang|fr|2<sup>ème</sup> – deuxième}}''), ''{{lang|fr|<sup>nd</sup>}}'' and ''{{lang|fr|<sup>nde</sup>}}'' for the alternative second ordinal number (''{{lang|fr|2<sup>nd</sup> – second}}''; ''{{lang|fr|2<sup>nde</sup> – seconde}}'')

These indicators use superscript formatting whenever it is available.

{{anchor|Catalan}}
=== Catalan ===
The rule in [[Catalan language|Catalan]] is to follow the number with the last letter in the singular and the last two letters in the plural.<ref>{{Citation | chapter = 5. La grafia de les abreviacions | chapter-url = http://www2.iec.cat/institucio/seccions/Filologica/gramatica/ortografia/05Lagrafiadelesabreviacions.pdf | publisher = IEC | title = Gramàtica de la llengua catalana | page = 391}}.</ref> Most numbers follow the pattern exemplified by {{lang|ca|vint}} '20' (''{{lang|ca|20è}}''&nbsp;''{{abbr|m|masculine}}''&nbsp;''{{abbr|sg|singular}}'', ''{{lang|ca|20a}}''&nbsp;''{{abbr|f|feminine}}''&nbsp;''{{abbr|sg|singular}}'', ''{{lang|ca|20ns}}''&nbsp;''{{abbr|m|masculine}}''&nbsp;''{{abbr|pl|plural}}'', ''{{lang|ca|20es}}''&nbsp;''{{abbr|f|feminine}}''&nbsp;''{{abbr|pl|plural}}''), but the first few ordinals are irregular, affecting the abbreviations of the masculine forms. Superscripting is not standard.

{{anchor|Dutch}}
=== Dutch ===
Unlike other [[Germanic languages]], [[Dutch language|Dutch]] is similar to [[English language|English]] in this respect: the French layout with ''{{char|<sup>e</sup>}}'' used to be popular, but [[Dutch orthography|the recent spelling changes]] now prescribe the suffix ''{{lang|nl|‑e}}''. Optionally ''{{lang|nl|‑ste}}'' and ''{{lang|nl|‑de}}'' may be used, but this is more complex: ''{{lang|nl|1ste}}''&nbsp;(''{{lang|nl|eerste}}''), ''{{lang|nl|2de}}''&nbsp;(''{{lang|nl|tweede}}''), ''{{lang|nl|4de}}''&nbsp;(''{{lang|nl|vierde}}''), ''{{lang|nl|20ste}}''&nbsp;(''{{lang|nl|twintigste}}''), etc.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://taaladvies.net/taal/advies/vraag/2/1_2_3_1e_2e_3e_1ste_2de_3de_1e_2e_3e/|title = Taaladvies - Taaladvies.net}}</ref>

{{anchor|Finnish}}
=== Finnish ===
In [[Finnish orthography]], when the numeral is followed by its [[Head (linguistics)|head]] noun (which indicates the [[grammatical case]] of the ordinal), it is sufficient to write a period or [[full stop]] after the numeral: ''{{lang|fi|Päädyin kilpailussa '''2. sijalle'''}}'' "In the competition, I finished '''in 2nd place'''". However, if the head noun is omitted, the ordinal indicator takes the form of a [[morphology (linguistics)|morphological]] suffix, which is attached to the numeral with a [[colon (punctuation)|colon]]. In the [[nominative case]], the suffix is {{lang|fi|‑nen}} for 1 and 2, and {{lang|fi|‑s}} for larger numerals: ''{{lang|fi|Minä olin '''2:nen''', ja veljeni oli '''3:s'''}}'' 'I came '''2nd''', and my brother came '''3rd'''<nowiki>'</nowiki>. This is derived from the endings of the spelled-out ordinal numbers: ''{{lang|fi|ensimmäinen}}'', ''{{lang|fi|toinen}}'', ''{{lang|fi|kolmas}}, {{lang|fi|neljäs}}'', ''{{lang|fi|viides}}'', ''{{lang|fi|kuudes}}'', ''{{lang|fi|seitsemäs}}'', etc..

The system becomes rather complicated when the ordinal needs to be [[inflected]], as the ordinal suffix is adjusted according to the case ending: ''{{lang|fi|3:'''s'''}}'' (nominative case, which has no ending), ''{{lang|fi|3:'''nne'''n}}'' ([[genitive case]] with ending ''{{lang|fi|‑n}}''), ''{{lang|fi|3:'''t'''ta}}'' ([[partitive case]] with ending ''{{lang|fi|‑ta}}''), ''{{lang|fi|3:'''nne'''ssa}}'' ([[inessive case]] with ending ''{{lang|fi|‑ssa}}''), ''{{lang|fi|3:'''nte'''en}}'' ([[illative case]] with ending ''{{lang|fi|‑en}}''), etc.. Even native speakers sometimes find it difficult to exactly identify the ordinal suffix, as its borders with the [[word stem]] and the case ending may appear blurred. In such cases, it may be preferable to write the ordinal word entirely with [[letter (alphabet)|letters]] and particularly ''{{lang|fi|2:nen}}'' is rare even in the nominative case, as it is not significantly shorter than the full word ''{{lang|fi|toinen}}''.

{{anchor|Irish}}
=== Irish ===
Numerals from 3 up form their ordinals uniformly by adding the suffix ''{{lang|ga|-ú}}'': ''{{lang|ga|3ú}}'', ''{{lang|ga|4ú}}'', ''{{lang|ga|5ú}}'', etc. When the ordinal is written out, the suffix adheres to the spelling restrictions imposed by the [[Irish phonology|broad/slender]] difference in consonants and is written ''{{lang|ga|-iú}}'' after slender consonants; but when written as numbers, only the suffix itself (''{{lang|ga|-ú}}'') is written. In the case of 4 (''{{lang|ga|ceathair}}''), the final syllable is [[Syncope (phonetics)|syncopated]] before the suffix, and in the case of 9 (''{{lang|ga|naoi}}''), 20 (''{{lang|ga|fiche}}''), and 1000 (''{{lang|ga|míle}}''), the final vowel is assimilated into the suffix.

Most multiples of ten end in a vowel in their cardinal form and form their ordinal form by adding the suffix to their genitive singular form, which ends in ''{{lang|ga|-d}}''; this is not reflected in writing. Exceptions are 20 (''{{lang|ga|fiche}}'') and 40 (''{{lang|ga|daichead}}''), both of which form their ordinals by adding the suffix directly to the cardinal (''{{lang|ga|fichiú}}'' and ''{{lang|ga|daicheadú}}'').

When counting objects, ''{{lang|ga|dó}}'' (2) becomes ''{{lang|ga|dhá}}'' and ''{{lang|ga|ceathair}}'' (4) becomes ''{{lang|ga|ceithre}}''.

As in French, the vigesimal system is widely used, particularly in people's ages. ''{{lang|ga|Ceithre scór agus cúigdéag}}'' – 95.

The numbers 1 (''{{lang|ga|aon}}'') and 2 (''{{lang|ga|dó}}'') both have two separate ordinals: one regularly formed by adding ''{{lang|ga|-ú}}'' (''{{lang|ga|aonú}}'', ''{{lang|ga|dóú}}''), and one [[Suppletion|suppletive]] form (''{{lang|ga|céad}}'', ''{{lang|ga|dara}}''). The regular forms are restricted in their usage to actual numeric contexts, when counting. The latter are also used in counting, especially ''{{lang|ga|céad}}'', but are used in broader, more abstract senses of "first" and "second" (or "other"). In their broader senses, {{lang|ga|céad}} and {{lang|ga|dara}} are not written as ''{{lang|ga|1ú}}'' and ''{{lang|ga|2ú}}'', though ''{{lang|ga|1ú}}'' and ''{{lang|ga|2ú}}'' may in a numeric context be read aloud as ''{{lang|ga|céad}}'' and ''{{lang|ga|dara}}'' (e.g., ''{{lang|ga|an 21ú lá}}'' may be read as ''{{lang|ga|an t-aonú lá is fiche}}'' or as ''{{lang|ga|an chéad lá is fiche}}'').

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; width:40%;"
|-
|
! scope="col" | Cardinal
! scope="col" | Ordinal
|-
! scope="row" | 1
|{{lang|ga|a h-aon}}
|{{lang|ga|aonú}} ({{lang|ga|1ú}}) or {{lang|ga|céad}}
|-
! scope="row" | 2
|{{lang|ga|a dó}}
|{{lang|ga|dóú}} ({{lang|ga|2ú}}) or {{lang|ga|dara}}
|-
! scope="row" | 3
|{{lang|ga|a trí}}
|{{lang|ga|tríú}} ({{lang|ga|3ú}})
|-
! scope="row" | 4
|{{lang|ga|a ceathair}}
|{{lang|ga|ceathrú}} ({{lang|ga|4ú}})
|-
! scope="row" | 5
|{{lang|ga|a cúig}}
|{{lang|ga|cúigiú}} ({{lang|ga|5ú}})
|-
! scope="row" | 6
|{{lang|ga|a sé}}
|{{lang|ga|séú}} ({{lang|ga|6ú}})
|-
! scope="row" | 7
|{{lang|ga|a seacht}}
|{{lang|ga|seachtú}} ({{lang|ga|7ú}})
|-
! scope="row" | 8
|{{lang|ga|a hocht}}
|{{lang|ga|ochtú}} ({{lang|ga|8ú}})
|-
! scope="row" | 9
|{{lang|ga|a naoi}}
|{{lang|ga|naoú}} ({{lang|ga|9ú}})
|-
! scope="row" | 10
|{{lang|ga|a deich}}
|{{lang|ga|deichiú}} ({{lang|ga|10ú}})
|-
! scope="row" | 20
|{{lang|ga|fiche}} or {{lang|ga|scór}}
|{{lang|ga|fichiú}} ({{lang|ga|20ú}})
|-
! scope="row" | 30
|{{lang|ga|triocha}}
|{{lang|ga|triochadú}} ({{lang|ga|30ú}})
|-
! scope="row" | 40
|{{lang|ga|daichead}}, {{lang|ga|ceathracha}} or {{lang|ga|dhá scór}}
|{{lang|ga|daicheadú}} or {{lang|ga|ceathrachadú}} ({{lang|ga|40ú}})
|-
! scope="row" | 50
|{{lang|ga|caoga}}
|{{lang|ga|caogadú}} ({{lang|ga|50ú}})
|-
! scope="row" | 60
|{{lang|ga|seasca}} or {{lang|ga|trí scór}}
|{{lang|ga|seascadú}} ({{lang|ga|60ú}})
|-
! scope="row" | 70
|{{lang|ga|seachtó}}
|{{lang|ga|seachtódú}} ({{lang|ga|70ú}})
|-
! scope="row" | 80
|{{lang|ga|ochtó}} or {{lang|ga|ceithre scór}}
|{{lang|ga|ochtódú}} ({{lang|ga|80ú}})
|-
! scope="row" | 90
|{{lang|ga|nócha}}
|{{lang|ga|nóchadú}} ({{lang|ga|90ú}})
|-
! scope="row" | 100
|{{lang|ga|céad}}
|{{lang|ga|céadú}} ({{lang|ga|100ú}})
|-
! scope="row" | 1000
|{{lang|ga|míle}}
|{{lang|ga|míliú}} ({{lang|ga|1000ú}})
|}

=== Russian ===
{{further|Russian numerals}}
One or two letters of the spelled-out numeral are appended to it (either after a hyphen or, rarely, in superscript). The rule is to take the minimal number of letters that include at least one consonant phoneme. Examples: {{lang|ru|2-му второму}} {{IPA|/ftɐro'''mu'''/}}, {{lang|ru|2-я вторая}} {{IPA|/ftɐra'''ja'''/|lang=ru}}, {{lang|ru|2-й второй}} {{IPA|/ftɐro'''j'''/|lang=ru}} (note that in the second example, the vowel letter {{lang|ru|я}} represents two phonemes, one of which [{{IPA|/j/}}] is ''consonant'').

=== Swedish ===
{{further|Swedish numerals}}
The general rule is that {{lang|sv|:a}} (for 1 and 2) or ''{{lang|sv|:e}}'' (for all other numbers, except ''{{lang|sv|101:a}}'', ''{{lang|sv|42:a}}'', etc., but including ''{{lang|sv|11:e}}'' and ''{{lang|sv|12:e}}'') is appended to the numeral. The reason is that ''{{lang|sv|-a}}'' and ''{{lang|sv|-e}}'' respectively end the ordinal number words. The ordinals for 1 and 2 may however be given an ''{{lang|sv|-e}}'' form (''{{lang|sv|förste}}'' and ''{{lang|sv|andre}}'' instead of ''{{lang|sv|första}}'' and ''{{lang|sv|andra}}'') when used about a male person (masculine natural gender), and if so they are written ''{{lang|sv|1:e}}'' and ''{{lang|sv|2:e}}''. When indicating dates, suffixes are never used. Examples: ''{{lang|sv|1:a klass}}'' "first grade (in elementary school)", ''{{lang|sv|3:e utgåvan}}'' "third edition", but ''{{lang|sv|6 november}}''. Furthermore, suffixes can be left out if the number obviously is an ordinal number, example: ''{{lang|sv|3 utg.}}'' "3rd ed". Using a [[full stop]] as an ordinal indicator is considered [[archaism|archaic]], but still occurs in military contexts; for example: ''{{lang|sv|5. komp}}'' "5th company".