Editing Other Backward Class (section)

===Creamy layer and Indra Sawhney vs Union of India===
The term [[creamy layer]] was first coined by Justice Krishna Iyer in 1975 in the State of Kerala vs NM Thomas case, wherein he observed that "the danger of 'reservation', it seems to me, is three-fold. Its benefits, by and large, are snatched away by the top creamy layer of the 'backward' caste or class, thus keeping the weakest among the weak always weak and leaving the fortunate layers to consume the whole cake".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://judis.nic.in/supremecourt/qrydisp.asp?tfnm=5862 |title=Supreme Court of India Order |website=The Judgement Information System |access-date=27 October 2015 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054031/http://judis.nic.in/supremecourt/qrydisp.asp?tfnm=5862 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Anish |last2=Giri |first2=Aaleya |date=12 September 2015 |title=Scourge of Reservation: The Invisible Creamy Layer |url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/columnists/oped/scourge-of-reservation-the-invisible-creamy-layer.html |url-status=live |newspaper=The Pioneer |type=Op-ed |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914234705/http://www.dailypioneer.com/columnists/oped/scourge-of-reservation-the-invisible-creamy-layer.html |archive-date=2015-09-14}}</ref> 1992 [[Indra Sawhney & Others v. Union of India]] judgment laid down the limits of the state's powers: it upheld the ceiling of 50 percent quotas, emphasized the concept of "social backwardness", and prescribed 11 indicators to ascertain backwardness. The nine-judge Bench judgement also established the concept of qualitative exclusion, such as the "creamy layer".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-order-reserved/|title=Explained: Order reserved|date=23 March 2015|access-date=4 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/building-a-just-society/|title=For an equitable society, reservations must be extended to private sector|date=23 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/Plea-to-reconsider-judgment-in-Indra-Sawhney-case-of-1992/article14821432.ece|title=Plea to reconsider judgment in Indra Sawhney case of 1992|newspaper=The Hindu|date=23 August 2007|access-date=4 March 2019|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> The creamy layer is only applicable in the case of Other Backward Castes and not applicable on other groups like SC or ST. The creamy layer criteria were introduced at Rs 100,000 in 1993, and revised to Rs 250,000 in 2004, Rs 450,000 in 2008, and Rs 600,000 in 2013.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Raise-creamy-layer-to-Rs-10-5-lakh-OBC-panel/articleshow/47155884.cms|title=Raise 'creamy layer' to Rs 10.5 lakh: OBC panel |website=The Times of India|date=5 May 2015 |access-date=4 March 2019}}</ref> In October 2015, [[National Commission for Backward Classes]] proposed that a person belonging to OBC with an annual family income of up to Rs 1.5 million should be considered as minimum ceiling for OBC.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/OBC-panel-backs-off-wont-make-creamy-layer-reservation-criteria-stringent/articleshow/49545470.cms|title=OBC panel backs off, won't make 'creamy layer' reservation criteria stringent |website=The Times of India|date=27 October 2015 |access-date=4 March 2019}}</ref> NCBC also recommended sub-division of OBCs into 'backward', 'more backward' and 'extremely backward' blocs and divide 27% quota amongst them in proportion to their population, to ensure that stronger OBCs don't corner the quota benefits.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/OBC-sub-division-relaxing-creamy-layer-is-a-must-NCBC-tells-govt/articleshow/49532421.cms|title=OBC sub-division, relaxing creamy layer is a must: NCBC tells govt |website=The Times of India|date=26 October 2015 |access-date=4 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Raise-creamy-layer-to-Rs-10-5-lakh-OBC-panel/articleshow/47155884.cms|title=Raise 'creamy layer' to Rs 10.5 lakh: OBC panel |website=[[The Times of India]]|date=5 May 2015 }}</ref> In August 2017, NDA government announced the creamy layer ceiling in the OBC category from getting reservation in jobs, has been raised from Rs 6 lakh a year to Rs 8 lakh.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/creamy-layer-income-cap-for-obcs-raised-to-rs-8l-per-annum-says-arun-jaitley/story-Otgdlzn41jjDBrW41MncrK.html|title='Creamy layer' income bar for OBCs raised, new panel for sub-categories|date=23 August 2017|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=4 March 2019}}</ref>