Editing PARAM (section)

== Supercomputer summary ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+PARAM Timeline
! Name
! Release Year
! Notes
! [[LINPACK benchmarks#HPLinpack|Rmax]]
! [[LINPACK benchmarks#HPLinpack|Rpeak]]
! Location
|-
| PARAM 8000
| 1991
| Inmos T800 Transputers, Distributed Memory MIMD, 64 processors
| 
| 
| Multiple
|-
| PARAM 8600
| 1992
| Improved version of PARAM 8000. Intel i860, 256 processors. Each 8600 cluster was as powerful as 4 PARAM 8000 clusters.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Nataraj |first=Poornima |date=2022-03-11 |title=Indian PARAM Supercomputers (Complete List) |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/ai-mysteries/a-complete-list-of-indian-param-supercomputers/ |access-date=2024-10-03 |website=AIM |language=en-US}}</ref>
| 5 [[GFLOPS]]
| 
| Multiple
|-
| PARAM 9900
| 1994
| [[Clos network]]. SuperSPARC II, [[UltraSPARC]] and [[DEC Alpha]] variants, 32 to 200 processors
| 
| 
| Multiple
|-
| PARAM 10000
| 1998
| [[Sun Enterprise|Sun Enterprise 250]], 400Mhz UltraSPARC [[UltraSPARC II]] processor, 160 processors
| 6.4 GFLOPS
| 
| [[Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Prayagraj]]
|-
| PARAM Padma
| 2002<ref name="2004-sinha" />
| 1TB storage, 248 [[IBM]] [[POWER4|Power4]] – 1&nbsp;GHz,<ref name="2004-sinha" /> [[IBM AIX|IBM AIX 5.1L]], PARAMNet. PARAM Padma was the first Indian machine ranked on a worldwide supercomputer list.<ref name="2004-sinha" />
| 1024 GFLOPS
| 
| [[C-DAC]] [[Bengaluru]]
|-
| PARAM Yuva
| 2008
| 4608 cores, [[Tigerton (microprocessor)#Tigerton|Intel 73XX]] – 2.9&nbsp;GHz, 25 to 200 TB,<ref name="pri"/> PARAMnet 3. 
| 38.1 TFLOPS<ref name=top500yuva>{{cite web|url=http://www.top500.org/system/performance/9746|title=Top500: "PARAM Yuva" Cluster (Performance)|access-date=15 September 2011}}</ref>
| 54 TFLOPS<ref name=top500yuva />
| 
|-
| PARAM Yuva II
| 2013
| Created in three months at a cost of {{INRConvert|160|m|0}} - first Indian supercomputer to achieve more than 500 teraflops.<ref name=toi9f>{{cite news|title=C-DAC unveils India's fastest supercomputer|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/it-services/c-dac-unveils-indias-fastest-supercomputer/articleshow/18410535.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602020130/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-09/infrastructure/37007113_1_petaflop-supercomputer-dac|url-status=live|archive-date=2 June 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=9 February 2013 |access-date=9 February 2013}}</ref><ref name=dnai8f>{{cite news|title=India's fastest supercomputer 'Param Yuva II' unveiled|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_india-s-fastest-supercomputer-param-yuva-ii-unveiled_1797925|access-date=9 February 2013|newspaper=DNA India|date=8 February 2013}}</ref><ref name=ect9f>{{cite news|title=C-DAC unveils India's fastest supercomputer Param Yuva II|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/hardware/c-dac-unveils-indias-fastest-supercomputer-param-yuva-ii/articleshow/18411041.cms|access-date=9 February 2013|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=9 February 2013}}</ref> Intel is the original equipment manufacturer and NetWeb technologies is the system integrator. It is interconnected with [[Indian Institutes of Technology|Indian Institute of Technology]] and [[National Institutes of Technology (India)|National Institute of Technology]] via National Knowledge Network.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mhaske |first=Pavan |date=2016-04-13 |title=Top 5 Supercomputers in India |url=https://www.digit.in/features/general/top-5-supercomputers-in-india-29784.html |access-date=2024-10-03 |website=Digit |language=en}}</ref>
| 360.8 TFLOPS<ref name=iw9f>{{cite news|title=C-DAC launches India's fastest supercomputer; becomes first R&D institution in India to cross 500 teraflops milestone|url=http://www.informationweek.in/software/13-02-09/c-dac_launches_india_s_fastest_supercomputer_becomes_first_r_d_institution_in_india_to_cross_500_teraflops_milestone.aspx|access-date=9 February 2013|newspaper=Information Week|date=9 February 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130213082334/http://www.informationweek.in/software/13-02-09/c-dac_launches_india_s_fastest_supercomputer_becomes_first_r_d_institution_in_india_to_cross_500_teraflops_milestone.aspx|archive-date=13 February 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=cdag9f>{{cite web|title=C-DAC reaffirms India's position on supercomputing map with PARAM Yuva - II|url=http://www.cdac.in/index.aspx?id=pk_pr_prs_rl210|publisher=CDAC|access-date=9 February 2013}}</ref> 
| 524 TFLOPS
| C-DAC [[Pune]]
|-
| PARAM Kanchenjunga<ref>{{cite web|title = PARAM Kanchenjunga inaugurated at NIT Sikkim| url = https://www.cdac.in/index.aspx?id=pk_pr_prs_rl228|access-date=26 November 2018 }}</ref>
| 2016
| Cost ₹3 crore.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Misal |first=Disha |date=2019-07-15 |title=Top 8 Supercomputers Used By Indian Educational Institutes For Research |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/ai-mysteries/8-supercomputers-used-by-indian-educational-institutes-for-their-research/ |access-date=2024-10-03 |website=AIM |language=en-US}}</ref>
| 15 TFLOPS
| 
| [[National Institute of Technology, Sikkim]]
|-
|PARAM Ishan
|2016
|Storage 300TB based on [[Lustre (file system)|Lustre]].<ref name=":2" /> 
|250 TFLOPS<ref>{{Cite web |title=IIT Guwahati Gets 'Param-Ishan' Supercomputer, Fastest In Neighborhood |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/iit-guwahati-gets-param-ishan-supercomputer-fastest-in-neighborhood-1460622 |access-date=2024-10-03 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
|
|[[IIT Guwahati]]
|-
|PARAM Bio-Embryo<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=National PARAM Supercomputing Systems - Annual Report 2021 |url=https://nsmindia.in/sites/default/files/National%20PARAM%20Supercomputing%20Systems%20-%20Annual%20Report%202021%2029-04-2022.pdf}}</ref>
|
|
|100 TFLOPS
|
|[[Centre for Development of Advanced Computing]], Pune
|-
|PARAM Bio-Inferno<ref name=":0" />
|
|
|147.5 TFLOPS
|
|C-DAC Pune
|-
|PARAM Shrestha<ref name=":0" />
|
|
|100 TFLOPS
|
|C-DAC Pune
|-
|PARAM Neel<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=National Supercomputer Mission- Annual Report 2022 |url=https://nsmindia.in/sites/default/files/NSM-%20AnnualReport-2022-28-v9_master_record.pdf}}</ref>
|
|India's first HPC system that uses the Fujitsu A64fx- NSP1 CPU, an ARM processor with 48 cores and a speed of 1.8&nbsp;GHz
|100 TFLOPS
|
|C-DAC Pune
|-
|PARAM Shivay<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-19 |title=PM Modi inaugurates supercomputer 'Param Shivay' at IIT-BHU |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/education/pm-modi-inaugurates-supercomputer-param-shivay-at-iit-bhu-5591430/ |access-date=2023-01-16 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PARAM Shivay {{!}} NSM |url=https://nsmindia.in/node/155 |access-date=2023-01-16 |website=nsmindia.in}}</ref>
|2019
|192 CPU compute nodes, 20 High memory nodes, 11 GPU compute nodes. Cost ₹32.5 crore.
|0.43 PFLOPS
|0.84 PFLOPS
|[[IIT (BHU) Varanasi]]
|-
| PARAM Brahma<ref name="indianexpress.com">{{cite web| url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/param-brahma-will-allow-scientists-to-address-complex-scientific-problems-6037829/| title=PARAM Brahma will allow scientists to address complex scientific problems|date=29 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.iiserpune.ac.in/research/research-facilities| title=IISER Pune Research Facilities| date=27 March 2022}}</ref>
| 2019
| 1PB storage. Uses Direct Contact Liquid Cooling.<ref name=":2" />
| 0.85 PFLOPS
| 1.7 PFLOPS
| [[Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune]]
|-
| PARAM Siddhi-AI<ref name="PARAMSiddhi">{{Cite news|title=Indias AI supercomputer Param Siddhi 63rd among top 500 most powerful non-distributed computer systems in the world|url=https://dst.gov.in/indias-ai-supercomputer-param-siddhi-63rd-among-top-500-most-powerful-non-distributed-computer#:~:text=Param%20Siddhi%2C%20the%20high%20performance,on%2016th%20November%202020.|work=Department of Science and Technology|access-date=2020-12-08}}</ref>
| 2020
| [[Nvidia DGX]] SuperPOD based networking architecture, HPC-AI engine software frame works and cloud platform from [[C-DAC]]
| 4.6 PFLOPS
| 5.267 PFLOPS
| C-DAC Pune
|-
| PARAM Sanganak<ref name="2020-10-12-IITK">{{cite web |title=IIT Kanpur signs an MoU with CDAC for establishing PARAM SANGANAK |url=https://www.iitk.ac.in/new/param-sanganak |website=Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur |access-date=3 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403082925/https://www.iitk.ac.in/new/param-sanganak |archive-date=3 April 2022 |date=12 October 2020}}</ref>
| 2020
|
|
| 1.67 PFLOPS
| [[IIT Kanpur]]
|-
|PARAM Yukti<ref name=":1" />
|
|
|
|1.8 PFLOPS
|[[Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research|Jawaharlal Nehru Centre For Advanced Scientific Research]], Bengaluru
|-
|PARAM Utkarsh<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=PARAM Utkarsh C-DAC Bengaluru |url=https://paramutkarsh.cdac.in/}}</ref>
|2021
|Based on Intel Cascade Lake processor and [[Nvidia Tesla]] V100 GPU with 100&nbsp;Gbit/s infiniband non-blocking interconnect
|838 TFLOPS
|
|C-DAC Bengaluru
|-
|PARAM Smriti<ref>{{Cite web |title=CIAB {{!}} HOME |url=http://www.ciab.res.in/newsEventsDetails.aspx?id=215 |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=www.ciab.res.in}}</ref>
|2021
|
|
|838 TFLOPS
|National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, [[Mohali]]
|-
|PARAM Seva<ref name=":0" />
|2021
|Based on heterogeneous and hybrid configuration of [[Intel]] [[Xeon]] [[Cascade Lake]] processors, and Nvidia Tesla V100.
|
|838 TFLOPS
|[[IIT Hyderabad]]
|-
|PARAM Spoorthi<ref name=":1" />
|2021
|
|
|100 TFLOPS
|Society for Electronic Transactions and Security, [[Chennai]]
|-
| PARAM Pravega<ref>{{cite web | url=https://iisc.ac.in/events/param-pravega-an-nsm-supercomputer-at-iisc/ | title=Indian Institute of Science }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.serc.iisc.ac.in/supercomputer/for-traditional-hpc-simulations-param-pravega/ | title=For Traditional HPC Simulations: Param Pravega – SUPERCOMPUTER EDUCATION AND RESEARCH CENTRE }}</ref>
| 2022
| It runs on [[CentOS]] 7.x, has 4PB storage, Intel Xeon Cascade Lake processors and Nvidia Tesla V100.<ref name=":2" />
|
| 3.3 PFLOPS
| [[Indian Institute of Science]], Bengaluru
|-
| PARAM Ganga<ref>{{cite web | url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1803833 | title=Petascale Supercomputer "PARAM Ganga" established at IIT Roorkee under National Supercomputing Mission }}</ref>
| 2022
|
|
| 1.67 PFLOPS
| [[IIT Roorkee]]
|-
| PARAM Shakti<ref>{{cite web |title=IIT Kharagpur |url=http://www.hpc.iitkgp.ac.in/HPCF/paramShakti }} Inaugurated on 27 March 2022</ref> 
| 2022
|
| 850 TFLOPS
|1.66 PFLOPS
| [[IIT Kharagpur]]
|-
|PARAM Ananta<ref>{{Cite web |title=PARAM ANANTA Supercomputer commissioned at IIT, Gandhinagar |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/www.pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1829512 |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=www.pib.gov.in}}</ref>
|2022
|
|
|838 TFLOPS
|[[IIT Gandhinagar]]
|-
|PARAM Himalaya<ref name=":1" />
|2022
|
|
|838 TFLOPS
|[[IIT Mandi]]
|-
| PARAM Kamrupa<ref>{{Cite web |title=President of India in Assam; Inaugurates supercomputer facility and laboratory for the design and development of high power microwave components at IIT Guwahati and medical college and hospital at Dhubri; also lays foundation stones for two zonal institutes of NIV |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1867510 |access-date=2022-10-13 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>
| 2022
|107 CPU nodes, 10 GPU nodes, 9 high memory nodes, 740 CPU cores, 102400 [[CUDA]] cores. It runs on low and high microwave power with active and passive high energy source.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-13 |title=President Droupadi Murmu inaugurates supercomputer facility at IIT Guwahati |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/president-droupadi-murmu-inaugurates-supercomputer-facility-at-iit-guwahati-101665672889959.html |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kalita |first=Prabin |date=October 11, 2022 |title=President Droupadi Murmu to inaugurate supercomputer 'Param Kamrupa' at IIT-Guwahati on October 13 {{!}} Guwahati News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/president-droupadi-murmu-to-inaugurate-supercomputer-param-kamrupa-at-iit-guwahati-on-october-13/articleshow/94781197.cms |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=President Droupadi Murmu inaugurates 'PARAM KAMRUPA' Supercomputer facility at IIT Guwahati |url=https://newsonair.gov.in/Main-News-Details.aspx?title=President-Droupadi-Murmu-inaugurates-%E2%80%98PARAM-KAMRUPA%E2%80%99-Supercomputer-facility-at-IIT-Guwahati&id=449269 |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=newsonair.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=President of India in Assam; Inaugurates supercomputer facility and laboratory for the design and development of high power microwave components at IIT Guwahati and medical college and hospital at Dhubri; also lays foundation stones for two zonal institutes of NIV |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1867510 |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref> [[Liquid cooling for computers|Liquid cooling]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kalita |first=Kangkan |date=2022-10-14 |title=IIT-Guwahati gets northeast's fastest supercomputer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/iit-g-gets-nes-fastest-supercomputer/articleshow/94849460.cms |access-date=2024-10-03 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|838 TFLOPS
|1.5 PFLOPS
|IIT Guwahati<ref>{{cite news |title=President Droupadi Murmu inaugurates 'PARAM KAMRUPA' Supercomputer facility at IIT Guwahati |url=https://newsonair.gov.in/News?title=President-Droupadi-Murmu-inaugurates-%E2%80%98PARAM-KAMRUPA%E2%80%99-Supercomputer-facility-at-IIT-Guwahati&id=449269 |work=newsonair.gov.in |agency=[[All India Radio|All India Radio News]] |publisher=[[Prasar Bharati]] |date=13 October 2022}}</ref>
|-
|PARAM Porul<ref>{{Cite web |title=PARAM PORUL Supercomputer inaugurated at NIT, Tiruchirappalli |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/www.pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1828171 |access-date=2022-12-24 |website=www.pib.gov.in}}</ref>
|2022
|107 CPU nodes, 10 GPU nodes, 39 high memory nodes, 102400 CUDA cores.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PARAM Porul |url=https://paramporul.nitt.edu/ }}</ref>
|
|838 TFLOPS
|[[National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli]]
|-
|PARAM AIRAWAT
|2023
|The combined AIRAWAT PoC of 200 AI Petaflops and PARAM Siddhi-AI of 210 AI Petaflops results in a sustained computing capacity of 8.5 Petaflops (Rmax) Double Precision and a total peak compute of 410 AI Petaflops Mixed Precision. 13 Petaflops is the maximum computation capacity (Double Precision, Rpeak). A plan for expanding AIRAWAT to 1,000 AI Petaflops of Mixed Precision computing capacity has been envisioned by MeitY.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 May 2023 |title=AI Supercomputer 'AIRAWAT' puts India among top supercomputing league |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1926942 |access-date=11 April 2025 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |agency=Ministry of Electronics & IT, Government of India.}}</ref>
|8.5 PFLOPS
|13 PFLOPS
|C-DAC Pune
|-
| rowspan="4" |PARAM Rudra<ref name=":0" />
|2021
| rowspan="4" |Based on Intel Xeon 2nd Generation Cascade Lake dual socket processors, [[Nvidia A100]] GPU, 35TB memory, and 2PB storage.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-27 |title=Named after Lord Shiva: All about India's Param Rudra Supercomputer |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/science/story/named-after-lord-shiva-all-about-indias-param-rudra-supercomputer-2607212-2024-09-27 |access-date=2024-10-03 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> Cost ₹130 crore.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 September 2024 |title=PM Modi launches 3 PARAM Rudra supercomputers developed indigenously |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pm-modi-launches-3-param-rudra-supercomputers-developed-indigenously-101727355406739.html |access-date=4 October 2024 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
|138 TFLOPS
|
|C-DAC Pune
|-
| rowspan="3" |2024
|1 PFLOPS<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Yadav |first=Roshni |date=2024-09-27 |title=Knowledge nugget of the day: PARAM Rudra |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/upsc-current-affairs/upsc-essentials/knowledge-nugget-param-rudra-supercomputer-upsc-9590733/ |access-date=2024-10-03 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|
|[[Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope]], Pune<ref name=":4" />
|-
|3 PFLOPS<ref name=":4" />
|
|Inter-University Accelerator Centre, [[New Delhi]]
|-
|838 TFLOPS<ref name=":4" />
|
|[[S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences]], [[Kolkata]]
|}