Editing Perth (section)

== Geography ==

==={{anchor |cbd}}Central business district===
{{See also|Perth (suburb)}}
[[File:Cathedral Square Perth Hay Street.jpg|thumb|[[City of Perth Library]] and [[Treasury Buildings, Perth|State Buildings]], Hay Street]]
The [[central business district]] of Perth is bounded by the [[Swan River (Western Australia)|Swan River]] to the south and east, with [[Kings Park, Western Australia|Kings Park]] on the western end and the railway reserve as the northern border.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} A state and federally funded project named [[Perth City Link]] sank a section of the railway line to allow easy pedestrian access between [[Northbridge, Western Australia|Northbridge]] and the CBD. The [[Perth Arena]] is an entertainment and sporting arena in the city link area that has received several architectural awards from institutions such as the [[Design Institute of Australia]], the [[Australian Institute of Architects]], and [[BlueScope|Colorbond]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pertharena.com.au/About_Us/Venue_Awards.aspx|title=Venue Awards|website=Perth Arena|access-date=7 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007120056/http://www.pertharena.com.au/About_Us/Venue_Awards.aspx|archive-date=7 October 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[St Georges Terrace]] is the area's prominent street, with a large amount of office space in the CBD. [[Hay Street, Perth|Hay Street]] and [[Murray Street, Perth|Murray Street]] have most of the retail and entertainment facilities. The city's tallest building is [[Central Park (skyscraper)|Central Park]], the [[List of tallest buildings in Australia|twelfth tallest building in Australia]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/central-park-tower/892|title=Central Park Tower|website=The Skyscraper Centre— The Global Tall Building Database of the CTBUH|access-date=7 October 2017|archive-date=7 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007122604/http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/central-park-tower/892|url-status=live}}</ref> The CBD until 2012 was the centre of a mining-induced boom, with several commercial and residential projects being built, including [[Brookfield Place (Perth)|Brookfield Place]], a {{convert|244|m|adj=on}} office building for Anglo-Australian mining company [[BHP]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.watoday.com.au/wa-news/boom-town-to-ghost-town-perth-cbd-vacancies-hit-25year-high-20170124-gtxzas.html|title=Boom town to ghost town: Perth CBD vacancies hit 25-year high|last=Allan-Petale|first=David|date=25 January 2017|website=WA Today|access-date=7 October 2017|archive-date=7 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007224839/http://www.watoday.com.au/wa-news/boom-town-to-ghost-town-perth-cbd-vacancies-hit-25year-high-20170124-gtxzas.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Metropolitan area ===
{{main|Perth metropolitan region}}
[[Image:MASB.gif|thumb|180px|Area of the Perth Metropolitan Region Scheme|left]]
Perth's metropolitan area extends along the coast to [[Two Rocks, Western Australia|Two Rocks]] in the north and [[Singleton, Western Australia|Singleton]] to the south,<ref name="landgate map">{{cite map |publisher=Western Australian Land Information Authority |title=Perth Metropolitan Region: Local Governments and Localities |year=2012 |url=http://www.landgate.wa.gov.au/docvault.nsf/web/PS_FREEMAP/$FILE/Arterial_Roads_LGA_&_Localities.pdf |cartography=Location Knowledge Services, Landgate |format=PDF |access-date=25 July 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322113858/http://www.landgate.wa.gov.au/docvault.nsf/web/PS_FREEMAP/%24FILE/Arterial_Roads_LGA_%26_Localities.pdf |archive-date=22 March 2012 }}</ref> a distance of approximately {{Convert|125|km|-1}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Us|url=http://www.abc.net.au/perth/about/|work=720 ABC Perth|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=18 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029113036/http://www.abc.net.au/perth/about/|archive-date=29 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> From the coast in the west to [[Mundaring, Western Australia|Mundaring]] in the east is a distance of approximately {{Convert|50|km|-1}}. The Perth metropolitan area covers {{convert|6418|km2}}.<ref name=ABSGCCSAXLS/> The built-up urban area of Perth is {{convert|1722|km2}}, the same as [[Wuhan]] or [[Salt Lake City]] and slightly smaller than [[London]], making Perth the 67th-largest urban area in the world. Perth is also the 50th-least densely populated out of the 990 urban areas in the world with a population above 500,000.<ref>{{cite web |title=Demographia World Urban Areas |url=http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf |website=Demographia |edition=18th |access-date=17 February 2023 |pages=40, 74 |date=July 2022 |archive-date=3 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503021711/http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

The metropolitan region is defined by the ''Planning and Development Act 2005'' to include 30 [[Local government areas of Western Australia|local government areas]], with the outer extent being the [[City of Wanneroo]] and the [[City of Swan]] to the north, the [[Shire of Mundaring]], [[City of Kalamunda]] and the [[City of Armadale]] to the east, the [[Shire of Serpentine-Jarrahdale]] to the south-east and the [[City of Rockingham]] to the south-west, and including [[Rottnest Island]] and [[Garden Island (Western Australia)|Garden Island]] off the west coast.<ref name="MLGRP2011">{{Cite report|author=Metropolitan Local Government Review Panel|date=September 2011|title=Defining What we mean by "Perth Metropolitan Area"|url=http://metroreview.dlg.wa.gov.au/Content/Publications/Default.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222001125/http://metroreview.dlg.wa.gov.au/Content/Publications/Default.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 February 2012|access-date=9 April 2016}}</ref> This extent correlates with the [[Metropolitan Region Scheme]], and the [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]' Perth (Major Statistical Division).<ref name="MLGRP2011"/>

The metropolitan extent of Perth can be defined in other ways—the Australian Bureau of Statistics Greater Capital City Statistical Area, or [[Greater Perth]] in short, consists of that area, plus the [[City of Mandurah]] and the Pinjarra Level 2 Statistical Area<ref>{{cite web |title=2011 Census QuickStats: Pinjarra |url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/quickstat/502011029?opendocument&navpos=22 |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |access-date=12 February 2020 |date=28 March 2013 |archive-date=28 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728084509/https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/quickstat/502011029?opendocument=&navpos=22 |url-status=dead }}</ref> of the [[Shire of Murray]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Greater Capital City Statistical Areas|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/d3310114.nsf/4a256353001af3ed4b2562bb00121564/6b6e07234c98365aca25792d0010d730/$FILE/Greater%20Capital%20City%20Statistical%20Area%20-%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf|website=Australian Bureau Statistics|publisher=Commonwealth of Australia|access-date=2 November 2014|date=2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030212708/http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/d3310114.nsf/4a256353001af3ed4b2562bb00121564/6b6e07234c98365aca25792d0010d730/$FILE/Greater%20Capital%20City%20Statistical%20Area%20-%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf|archive-date=30 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Census 2011 AUS|id=5GPER|name=Greater Perth (Greater Capital City Statistical Area) |access-date=2 November 2014|quick=on}}</ref> while the ''Regional Development Commissions Act 1993'' includes the [[Shire of Serpentine-Jarrahdale]] in the [[Peel (Western Australia)|Peel region]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Metropolitan Local Government Review, Final Report of the Independent Panel|url=http://www.kalamunda.wa.gov.au/files/0874c84a-6872-4b69-ab3e-a24d011bcb62/FINAL-REPORT-JULY-2012-Metropolitan-Local-Government-Review-Panel-Final-Report.pdf|website=City of Kalamunda|page=56|date=July 2012|access-date=12 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403072421/http://www.kalamunda.wa.gov.au/files/0874c84a-6872-4b69-ab3e-a24d011bcb62/FINAL-REPORT-JULY-2012-Metropolitan-Local-Government-Review-Panel-Final-Report.pdf|archive-date=3 April 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Geology and landforms ===
{{See also|List of islands of Perth, Western Australia}}
The largest river flowing through Perth is the Swan River, named for the native [[black swan]]s by [[Willem de Vlamingh]], captain of a Dutch expedition and namer of Western Australia's [[Rottnest Island]], who discovered the birds while exploring the area in 1697.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ccentre.wa.gov.au/index.cfm?event=heritageIconsJanuary |title = 175th Anniversary of Western Australia&nbsp;– Heritage Icons: January&nbsp;– The Swan River|access-date =13 November 2008 |date = 31 December 2004 |publisher=Department of the Premier and Cabinet|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206041947/http://www.ccentre.wa.gov.au/index.cfm?event=heritageIconsJanuary |archive-date=6 December 2008}}</ref> This water body is also known as ''Derbarl Yerrigan''.<ref name="det-derbarlyerrigan">{{cite web | url=http://www.det.wa.edu.au/aboriginaleducation/apac/detcms/aboriginal-education/apac/regions/beechboro/history-of-the-swan-district.en?oid=MultiPartArticle-id-9430685 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224105521/http://www.det.wa.edu.au/aboriginaleducation/apac/detcms/aboriginal-education/apac/regions/beechboro/history-of-the-swan-district.en?oid=MultiPartArticle-id-9430685 | url-status=dead | archive-date=24 December 2013 | title=History of the North Metro Region | publisher=Government of Western Australia | work=Department of Education | access-date=27 August 2013}}</ref> The city centre and most of the suburbs are on the sandy and relatively flat [[Swan Coastal Plain]], which lies between the [[Darling Scarp]] and the [[Indian Ocean]]. The soils of this area are quite infertile.

Much of colonial Perth was built on the [[Perth Wetlands]], a series of freshwater wetlands running from [[Herdsman Lake]] in the west through to [[Claisebrook Cove]] in the east.<ref>{{cite conference |url=http://edit.epa.wa.gov.au/EPADocLib/EPA-bulletin_372.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213083252/http://edit.epa.wa.gov.au/EPADocLib/EPA-bulletin_372.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 December 2013 |title=The Value of Wetlands |first=Norm |last=Godfrey |date=July 1989 |conference=Planning and Management for Wetland Conservation Conference, 15 June 1988 |volume=372 |publisher=Environmental Protection Authority |location=Perth, Western Australia |pages=4–11 |isbn=0-7309-1911-0 |access-date=11 October 2013 }}</ref>

To the east, the city is bordered by a low escarpment called the Darling Scarp. Perth is on generally flat, rolling land, largely due to the high amount of sandy soils and deep [[bedrock]]. The Perth metropolitan area has two major river systems, one made up of the Swan and [[Canning River (Western Australia)|Canning]] Rivers, and one of the [[Serpentine River (Western Australia)|Serpentine]] and [[Murray River (Western Australia)|Murray]] Rivers, which discharge into the [[Peel Inlet]] at [[Mandurah]]. The [[Perth-Gingin Shrublands and Woodlands]] and [[Banksia Woodlands of the Swan Coastal Plain]] straddle the metropolitan area.

=== Climate ===
{{Main|Climate of Perth}}
[[File:Beach sunset Perth.jpg|thumb|Sunset over the [[Indian Ocean]] at [[City Beach, Western Australia|City Beach]]]]
Perth receives moderate, though highly seasonal, winter-based rainfall. Summers are generally hot, sunny and dry, lasting from December to March, with February generally the hottest month. Winters are relatively mild and wet, giving Perth a [[hot-summer Mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Csa'').<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Tapper|first1=Andrew|last2=Tapper|first2=Nigel|title=The weather and climate of Australia and New Zealand|year=1996|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Melbourne, Australia|isbn=0-19-553393-3|edition=First|editor=Gray, Kathleen|page=300}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Linacre | first = Edward |author2=Geerts, Bart | title = Climates and Weather Explained | publisher=Routledge | location = London | year = 1997 | page = 379 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mkZa1KLHCAQC&pg=PA379 | isbn = 0-415-12519-7}}</ref> Perth has an average of 8.8 hours of sunshine per day, which equates to around 3,200 hours of sunshine and 138.7 clear days annually, making it Australia's sunniest capital city.<ref name="PerthAP"/>

Summers are typically hot and dry but not completely devoid of rain, with sporadic rainfall in the form of short-lived thunderstorms, weak [[cold front]]s and on occasions decaying [[tropical cyclone]]s from Western Australia's north-west, which can bring heavy rain. Temperatures above {{cvt|35|C}} occur, on average, 26 days per year and rise above {{cvt|40|C}} on 5 days per year. The highest temperature recorded in Perth was {{cvt|46.2|C}} on 23 February 1991, although [[Perth Airport]] recorded {{cvt|46.7|C}} on the same day.<ref name="PerthAP">{{cite web |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_009021_All.shtml |title=Perth Airport climate statistics |access-date=25 December 2012 |publisher=[[Bureau of Meteorology]] |archive-date=4 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204015316/http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_009021_All.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Perthmedia2008">{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/current/annual/wa/archive/2008.perth.shtml|title=Annual Climate Summary for Perth: Near average rainfall with warmer days for Perth in 2008|publisher=[[Bureau of Meteorology]]|date=2 January 2009|access-date=5 August 2009|archive-date=21 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321022801/http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/current/annual/wa/archive/2008.perth.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> On most summer afternoons a [[sea breeze]], known locally as the ''[[Fremantle Doctor]]'', blows from the south-west, providing relief from the hot north-easterly winds. Temperatures often fall below {{cvt|30|C}} a few hours after the arrival of the wind change.<ref name="hazards">{{cite web|url=http://www.ga.gov.au/servlet/BigObjFileManager?bigobjid=GA6525|title=Meteorological hazards|publisher=[[Geoscience Australia]]|work=Natural hazard risk in Perth, Western Australia – Cities Project Perth Report|first1=Joe|last1=Courtney|first2=Miriam|last2=Middelmann|format=PDF|year=2005|access-date=25 December 2012|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728084506/http://www.ga.gov.au/webtemp/image_cache/GA6525.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> In the summer, the 3{{nbsp}}p.m. dewpoint averages at around {{cvt|12|C}}.<ref name="PerthAP"/>

Winters are mild and wet, with most of Perth's annual rainfall between May and September. Winters see significant rainfall as [[weather front|frontal systems]] move across the region, interspersed with clear and sunny days where minimum temperatures tend to drop below {{cvt|5|C}}. The lowest temperature recorded in Perth was {{cvt|-0.7|C}} on 17 June 2006.<ref name="Perthmedia2008"/> The lowest temperature within the [[Perth metropolitan area]] was {{cvt|-3.4|C}} on the same day at [[Jandakot Airport]], although temperatures at or below zero are rare occurrences. The lowest maximum temperature recorded in Perth is {{cvt|8.8|C}} on 26 June 1956. It occasionally gets cold enough for frost to form.<ref name="JandakotAP">{{cite web |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_009172_All.shtml |title=Jandakot Airport climate statistics |access-date=2 September 2015 |publisher=[[Bureau of Meteorology]] |archive-date=14 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914182747/http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_009172_All.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> While [[snow in Australia|snow]] has never been recorded in the Perth CBD, light snowfalls have been reported in outer suburbs of Perth in the [[Perth Hills]] around [[Kalamunda]], [[Roleystone]] and [[Mundaring]]. The most recent snowfall was in 1968.

The rainfall pattern has changed in Perth and [[South West drainage division|south-west Western Australia]] since the mid-1970s. A significant reduction in winter rainfall has been observed with a greater number of extreme rainfall events in the summer,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.water.wa.gov.au/Tools/Water+Education+Tools/Resources/Downloads_GetFile.aspx?id=931|title=How extreme south-west rainfalls have changed|publisher=Indian Ocean Climate Initiative|year=2000|format=PDF|access-date=5 August 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090723011219/http://www.water.wa.gov.au/Tools/Water+Education+Tools/Resources/Downloads_GetFile.aspx?id=931|archive-date=23 July 2009}}</ref> such as the slow-moving storms on 8 February 1992 that brought {{convert|120.6|mm}} of rain,<ref name="Perthmedia2008"/><ref name="hazards"/> heavy rainfall associated with a [[2016-17 Australian region cyclone season#Tropical Low 15U|tropical low]] on 10 February 2017, which brought {{convert|114.4|mm}} of rain,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/dwo/IDCJDW6111.latest.shtml |title=Perth, Western Australia February 2017 Daily Weather Observations |publisher=Bureau of Meteorology |access-date=10 February 2017 |archive-date=15 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215230503/http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/dwo/IDCJDW6111.latest.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> and the remnants of [[2017–18 Australian region cyclone season#Tropical Cyclone Joyce|ex-Tropical Cyclone Joyce]] on 15 January 2018 with {{convert|96.2|mm}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/dwo/201801/html/IDCJDW6111.201801.shtml |title=Perth, Western Australia January 2018 Daily Weather Observations |publisher=Bureau of Meteorology |access-date=19 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120000504/http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/dwo/201801/html/IDCJDW6111.201801.shtml |archive-date=20 January 2018 |url-status=dead }}.</ref> Perth was also hit by a [[2010 Western Australian storms|severe thunderstorm]] on 22 March 2010, which brought {{cvt|40.2|mm}} of rain, and large hail and caused significant damage in the metropolitan area.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/a/-/newshome/6967134/storm-brings-huge-damage-bill/|title=Storm brings huge damage bill|newspaper=The West Australian|first1=Ronan|last1=O'Connell|first2=Lindsay|last2=McPhee|first3=Bethany|last3=Hiatt|date=23 March 2010|access-date=23 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111203140417/http://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/a/-/newshome/6967134/storm-brings-huge-damage-bill/|archive-date=3 December 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The average sea temperature ranges from {{cvt|18.9|C}} in October to {{cvt|23.4|C}} in March.<ref>{{cite web |author=Copyright Global Sea Temperatures — A-Connect Ltd |url=https://www.seatemperature.org/australia-pacific/australia/perth.htm |title=Perth Sea Temperature &#124; Australia Water Temperatures |location=31.952240;115.861400 |publisher=Seatemperature.org |access-date=23 September 2017 |archive-date=23 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923145021/https://www.seatemperature.org/australia-pacific/australia/perth.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

<!--spacing, please do not remove-->
{{Weather box
|location = Perth Metro 
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C = 44.4
|Feb record high C = 46.2
|Mar record high C = 42.4
|Apr record high C = 39.5
|May record high C = 34.3
|Jun record high C = 26.2
|Jul record high C = 25.8
|Aug record high C = 30.0
|Sep record high C = 34.3
|Oct record high C = 37.2
|Nov record high C = 40.4
|Dec record high C = 44.2
|Jan avg record high C = 40.4
|Feb avg record high C = 40.1
|Mar avg record high C = 38.6
|Apr avg record high C = 33.9
|May avg record high C = 28.7
|Jun avg record high C = 24.2
|Jul avg record high C = 22.7
|Aug avg record high C = 24.5
|Sep avg record high C = 27.3
|Oct avg record high C = 33.0
|Nov avg record high C = 36.9
|Dec avg record high C = 39.5
|year avg record high C = 41.8
|Jan high C = 31.4
|Feb high C = 31.7
|Mar high C = 29.7
|Apr high C = 26.0
|May high C = 22.4
|Jun high C = 19.5
|Jul high C = 18.5
|Aug high C = 19.2
|Sep high C = 20.6
|Oct high C = 23.5
|Nov high C = 26.8
|Dec high C = 29.6
|year high C = 24.9
|Jan mean C = 24.8
|Feb mean C = 25.0
|Mar mean C = 23.3
|Apr mean C = 19.9
|May mean C = 16.5
|Jun mean C = 14.1
|Jul mean C = 13.3
|Aug mean C = 13.9
|Sep mean C = 15.2
|Oct mean C = 17.6
|Nov mean C = 20.6
|Dec mean C = 23.1
|year mean C = 
|Jan low C = 18.1
|Feb low C = 18.4
|Mar low C = 16.9
|Apr low C = 13.8
|May low C = 10.5
|Jun low C = 8.7
|Jul low C = 8.1
|Aug low C = 8.5
|Sep low C = 9.7
|Oct low C = 11.7
|Nov low C = 14.4
|Dec low C = 16.6
|year low C = 13.0
|Jan avg record low C = 12.6
|Feb avg record low C = 13.1
|Mar avg record low C = 10.0
|Apr avg record low C = 7.6
|May avg record low C = 4.3
|Jun avg record low C = 2.3
|Jul avg record low C = 1.8
|Aug avg record low C = 2.6
|Sep avg record low C = 3.6
|Oct avg record low C = 5.4
|Nov avg record low C = 8.8
|Dec avg record low C = 11.1
|year avg record low C = 1.1
|Jan record low C = 8.9
|Feb record low C = 9.9
|Mar record low C = 6.3
|Apr record low C = 4.7
|May record low C = 1.3
|Jun record low C = −0.7
|Jul record low C = 0.0
|Aug record low C = 1.3
|Sep record low C = 1.0
|Oct record low C = 2.2
|Nov record low C = 5.0
|Dec record low C = 6.6
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 16.7
|Feb rain mm = 13.1
|Mar rain mm = 20.0
|Apr rain mm = 35.9
|May rain mm = 86.2
|Jun rain mm = 127.1
|Jul rain mm = 147.0
|Aug rain mm = 122.7
|Sep rain mm = 79.3
|Oct rain mm = 39.5
|Nov rain mm = 24.2
|Dec rain mm = 9.4
|year rain mm = 723.9
| unit precipitation days = 1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 1.5
|Feb precipitation days = 1.2
|Mar precipitation days = 2.6
|Apr precipitation days = 4.7
|May precipitation days = 8.7
|Jun precipitation days = 11.8
|Jul precipitation days = 14.8
|Aug precipitation days = 13.1
|Sep precipitation days = 10.7
|Oct precipitation days = 5.7
|Nov precipitation days = 3.8
|Dec precipitation days = 1.8
|year precipitation days = 80.4
|time day = 15:00
|humidity colour = green
|Jan afthumidity = 39
|Feb afthumidity = 38
|Mar afthumidity = 40
|Apr afthumidity = 46
|May afthumidity = 50
|Jun afthumidity = 56
|Jul afthumidity = 57
|Aug afthumidity = 54
|Sep afthumidity = 53
|Oct afthumidity = 47
|Nov afthumidity = 44
|Dec afthumidity = 41
|year humidity = 47
|Jan percentsun= 83
|Feb percentsun= 83
|Mar percentsun= 74
|Apr percentsun= 70
|May percentsun= 63
|Jun percentsun= 57
|Jul percentsun= 57
|Aug percentsun= 63
|Sep percentsun= 64
|Oct percentsun= 72
|Nov percentsun= 77
|Dec percentsun= 79
|Jan sun= 356.5
|Feb sun= 319.0
|Mar sun= 297.6
|Apr sun= 249.0
|May sun= 207.0
|Jun sun= 177.0
|Jul sun= 189.1
|Aug sun= 223.2
|Sep sun= 231.0
|Oct sun= 297.6
|Nov sun= 318.0
|Dec sun= 356.5
|year sun = 
|Jan uv= 12
|Feb uv= 11
|Mar uv= 9
|Apr uv= 6
|May uv= 4
|Jun uv= 3
|Jul uv= 3
|Aug uv= 4
|Sep uv= 6
|Oct uv= 8
|Nov uv= 10
|Dec uv= 12
|source = [[Bureau of Meteorology]]<ref name="Perth Metro Climate">{{cite web |title=Climate statistics for Australian locations – Perth Metro |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_009225_All.shtml |website=Bureau of Meteorology |access-date=7 June 2023 |archive-date=14 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914193212/http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_009225_All.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref><br/>Temperatures: 1993–2023; Rainfall: 1993–2023; Relative humidity: 1994–2011
|date = June 2023
}}

=== Isolation ===
With more than two million residents, Perth is one of the [[Extremes on Earth#Other places considered the most remote|most isolated major cities]] in the world. The nearest city with a population of more than 100,000 is [[Adelaide]], over {{cvt|2100|km|0}} away.<ref name=gill>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/aug/19/where-worlds-most-remote-city |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=13 September 2019 |title=Where is the world's most remote city? |first=Nicholas |last=Gill |date=19 August 2019 |archive-date=23 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123102227/https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/aug/19/where-worlds-most-remote-city |url-status=live }}</ref> Perth is geographically closer to both [[East Timor]] ({{cvt|2800|km|disp=or}}), and [[Jakarta]], Indonesia ({{cvt|3000|km|disp=or}}), than to [[Sydney]] ({{cvt|3300|km|disp=or}}).<ref name=gill/>