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Pictish language
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=== Personal names === Pictish personal names, as acquired from documents such as the [[Poppleton manuscript]], show significant diagnostically Brittonic features including the retention of final ''-st'' and initial ''w-'' (cf. P. ''Uurgust'' vs. Goidelic ''Fergus'') as well as development of ''-ora-'' to ''-ara-'' (cf. P. ''Taran'' vs G. ''torann'').<ref name="xpi19">{{cite news |last1=Rhys |first1=Guto |title=The Pictish Language |url=https://www.academia.edu/41294628 |access-date=12 March 2021 |work=History Scotland}}</ref><ref name="UGlas" /> Several Pictish names are directly parallel to names and nouns in other Brittonic languages. Several Pictish names are listed below according to their equivalents in Brittonic and other Celtic languages.{{sfn|Koch|2006|p=1444}}<ref name="xpi19" /> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Pictish ! Brittonic cognate(s) ! Other Celtic cognate(s) |- | ''Mailcon'' | ''Mailcon'' (Old Welsh), ''[[Maelgwn Gwynedd#Name|Maelgwn]]'' (Welsh) | - |- | ''Morcunt'', ''Morgunn'', ''Morgainn'' | ''Morcant'' (Old Welsh) | - |- | ''[[Taran mac Ainftech|Taran]]'' | ''[[wikt:taran#Welsh|taran]]'' (Welsh) | ''[[Taranis]]'' (Gaulish) |- | ''[[Óengus I|Unust]]'' | ''Unwst'' (Welsh) | ''[[Aengus|Oengus]]'' (Gaelic) |- | ''Uoret'', ''Urad'' | ''Guoret'' (Old Welsh) | - |- | ''Uuen'' | ''[[Owain]]'' (Welsh) | - |- | ''Uurgust'' | ''Gurgust'' (Old Welsh) | ''Fergus'' (Gaelic) |} Several elements common in forming Brittonic names also appear in the names of Picts. These include ''*jʉð'', "lord" (> ''Ciniod'') and ''*res'', "ardor" (> ''Resad''; cf. Welsh ''Rhys'').<ref name="forsyth2020">{{cite journal |last=Forsyth |first=Katherine |author-link=Katherine Forsyth |title=Protecting a Pict?: Further thoughts on the inscribed silver chape from St Ninian's Isle, Shetland |journal=Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland |date=2020 |page=11 |url=http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/222539/1/222539.pdf}}</ref>
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