Editing Pierre Bourdieu (section)

===Media and cultural production===
Bourdieu's most significant work on cultural production is available in two books: ''The Field of Cultural Production'' (1993) and ''The Rules of Art'' (1996). Bourdieu builds his theory of cultural production using his own characteristic theoretical vocabulary of [[habitus (sociology)|''habitus'']], [[Cultural capital|''capital'']] and [[field (Bourdieu)|''field'']].

David Hesmondhalgh writes that:<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hesmondhalgh|first1=David|year=2006|title=Bourdieu, the media and cultural production|journal=Media, Culture & Society|volume=28|issue=2|pages=211–231|doi=10.1177/0163443706061682|s2cid=144198559}}</ref> <blockquote>By 'cultural production' Bourdieu intends a very broad understanding of culture, in line with the tradition of classical sociology, including science (which in turn includes social science), law and religion, as well as expressive-aesthetic activities such as art, literature and music. However, his work on cultural production focuses overwhelmingly on two types of field or sub-field of cultural production…: literature and art.</blockquote>According to Bourdieu, "the principal obstacle to a rigorous science of the production of the value of cultural goods" is the "charismatic ideology of 'creation'" which can be easily found in studies of art, literature and other cultural fields. In Bourdieu's opinion, this charismatic ideology "directs the gaze towards the apparent producer and prevents us from asking who has created this 'creator' and the magic power of transubstantiation with which the 'creator' is endowed."<ref name=":1">Bourdieu, Pierre. 1996 [1992]. ''Rules of Art: Genesis and Structure of the Literary Field''. Stanford, CA: [[Stanford University Press]].</ref>{{Rp|167}}

For Bourdieu, a sociologically informed view of an artist ought to describe: (1) their relations to the field of production (e.g. influences, antagonisms, etc.); and (2) their attitudes to their relations to the field of consumption (e.g. their readers, enthusiasts, or detractors). Further, a work of literature, for example, may not adequately be analysed either as the product of the author's life and beliefs (a naively biographical account), or without any reference to the author's intentions (as [[Death of the Author|Barthes]] argued). In short, "the subject of a work is a ''habitus'' in relationship with a 'post', a position, that is, within a field."<ref>"But Who Created the Creators?" P. 142 in ''Sociology In Question.'' [[SAGE Publishing|SAGE Publications]] (1993).</ref>

According to Bourdieu, cultural revolutions are always dependent on the possibilities present in the positions inscribed in the field.