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====Three-factor model==== According to Freedman, an individual's place in the social landscape is determined by a combination of three factors: ''what'' they are; ''who'' they are; and the situation. # ''What'' refers to all those aspects of a person that are objective: participation in sports, physical appearance, etc. Perceived popularity is primarily the result of what a person is. It is mediated by Input of Energy combining with the Hierarchy of Attraction. This preferential receipt of Input of Energy by a select few is what propels them to the "popular" side of the graph that combines sociometric and perceived popularity. # ''Who'' refers to the personality of the individual and how they treat other people. It is this factor that is responsible for determining where a student sits along the "liking" and "disliking" dimensions that characterize a student. The more pro-social an individual, the more they will be liked. # The Situation refers to the circumstances that an individual finds themself in.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Santor|first1=Darcy A.|last2=Messervey|first2=Deanna|last3=Kusumakar|first3=Vivek|date=April 2000|title=Measuring Peer Pressure, Popularity, and Conformity in Adolescent Boys and Girls: Predicting School Performance, Sexual Attitudes, and Substance Abuse|journal=Journal of Youth and Adolescence|language=en|volume=29|issue=2|pages=163β182|doi=10.1023/A:1005152515264|s2cid=38800770|issn=0047-2891}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|date=1929|title=Correspondence Instruction, 1929β1930|journal=University of North Carolina Extension Bulletin|publisher= University of North Carolina Press|volume=9|issue=1|pages=15}}</ref> Different circumstances may result in different social outcomes. For example, the same student may be perceived as popular when in the social context of their church youth group but unpopular within the social context of their school as a whole.
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